Life on the Malecón: Children and Youth on the Streets of Santo Domingo

Index

213 Index accompaniment, 44, 78–­80, 137, 185 agency, 2, 6, 10–­13, 201n. 2 anthropology of childhood, 6–­7, 202n. 18 arbat system (Russia), 8 bachata music, 11 Balaguer, 101 beggars, 184 begging, 5, 8, 95, 97–­98, 132; as income generation, 3; as livelihood strategy, 3, 12; routines of, 129–­130 birth certificate, 111, 139–­140 blood donation, 148–­149, 153–­155, 162 bootblacks. See shoeshine boys Brennan, Denise, 8, 204n. 34 bugarrón, 11, 206n. 7 cancer: as chronic illness on the street, 137; physical pain of, 99; treatment options, 121 chemotherapy, 121–­122 child labor, 202nn. 9, 10; and self-­worth, 53 children’s culture, 2, 7 child soldiers, 7, 203n. 23, 203n. 25 citizenship: Haitians barred from Dominican , 139–­140; street children excluded from, 3, 201n. 5 cocaine, 12, 74, 136. See also drug use code of the street, 164 Coles, Robert, 202n. 17 Colonial Zone, 14; as heart of Santo Domingo, 95; policing of, 184; as territory for street children, 31, 95 CONANI (federal child protection agency), 135 conflict management, 8 covert prestige, 3 crack, economy of, 173–­174, 177–­180, 183, 196 crack use, 96, 109, 124, 131, 136, 183, 195, 198; as expression of group membership on the streets, 41, 177–­179, 193–­194, 204n. 31; physical effects of, 26, 120, 141; among street children, 12, 16, 74, 115, 171–­174, 189; and violent behavior, 141, 151. See also drug use criminal justice system, 15, 116–­117, 134–­135, 138, 140, 197 cultural politics of childhood, 2–­3, 201n. 7 cultural reproduction, and children, 7. See also socialization culture: as adaptation to street life, 8, 13, 19; and child agency, 6, 203n. 19; children learning, 7; children’s, 2, 7, 203n. 20; street, 9–­10, 74, 176; transmission of, 8 desahogarse (unburdening oneself), 18 Dominican: family structure, 10, 41, 46, 65, 68, 75–­76, 167–­168, 206n. 9; gender norms, 10–­11; Spanish, 18, 27, 206n. 9, 206n. 11; social etiquette, 21, 39, 172 Dominican Republic: economic conditions, 10, 134; Haitians living in, 15, 84–­85, 111, 117, 139–­140; history of, 25–­26, 101, 204n. 2; HIV/AIDS and, 93; judicial system in, 15, 92, 101–­102, 137–­140; public education in, 54, 73; and race, 82, 117, 139, 205n. 3; relationship with Haiti, 85, 139, 205n. 3; sex tourism in, 11–­12, 34, 206n. 7; social services in, 19, 77, 86, 133–­135, 137; and tourism, 10–­12 drop-­in center, 20, 30, 33, 36, 38–­45, 55, 185, 187 drug addiction, 33, 41, 178, 181. See also cocaine; crack use; drug rehabilitation; drug use; glue sniffing; Hogar Crea; marijuana drug dealing, 32, 96, 138, 173–­175, 181, 196; conflicts over, 81, 88, 131, 178. See also crack, economy of drug hoarding, 178, 180–­181 drug rehabilitation, 86, 92, 191. See also Hogar Crea 214 Index drug use, 9, 47, 74, 80, 138, 178, 183, 188, 204n. 31. See also cocaine; crack use; drug addiction; drug rehabilitation; glue sniffing ; marijuana dumpster diving, 33, 35 economic strategies. See livelihood strategies education. See public education and schooling El Conde, 31–­34, 37–­39, 70–­73, 144, 152–­153, 160; as street territory, 158, 184 ethnographic research: and children, 3, 5–­8, 201n. 7, 202n. 8; methods, 16–­17, 19, 201n. 7, 203n. 19, 203n. 24, 204n. 36 family: abandonment by, 85–­86, 102, 110, 136, 138; abuse by, 79; dynamics, 41, 46, 65, 68, 75–­76, 167–­168; first contact with, 48–­49, 135, 157–­159; outreach educators’ relation to, 47, 49, 79, 110, 159–­160; outreach work with, 13, 52, 56, 79–­80, 196–­198; prison visits by, 110, 191; reinsertion of street children into, 13, 41, 53–­55, 80, 136; responsibility for medical care, 82, 137, 149, 162, 205n. 2; street, 14, 97–­98, 107; street children’s relationship with, 15, 40–­42, 59, 69, 75, 167–­168, 193, 195; structure, 201n. 9 Fernández, Leonel, 134 fictive kinship, 8, 112, 178, 190, 206n. 11 formal economy, 4, 177 galladas system (Colombia), 8 glue sniffing, 12, 33, 75, 95, 111–­113, 124–­126, 130–­131. See also solvent use Haitians: deportation of, 3, 135, 139; and immigration, 85, 117, 139, 140; racism against, 139–­140; 205n. 3; structural position of, 15, 85, 111, 134 HIV/AIDS, 92–­93, 137, 196 Hogar Crea (drug rehabilitation facility), 86, 91–­93, 136, 191–­194 homeless shelters, 66–­67, 70, 86–­88, 90, 135 homeless populations, 14, 16, 31, 74, 134, 183, 188, 205n...