Amigas y Amantes: Sexually Nonconforming Latinas Negotiate Family

Index

163 Abel, Emily, 107 acceptance: from families of origin, 76–­ 81, 98–­ 103, 121; and visibility, 53–­ 57, 101 Adventists, LGBTQ, 54–­ 55 Aigner-­ Varoz, Erika, 59 alternative femininities, 26–­ 30 American Sociological Association, 3 amigas, 83–­ 84, 144 antigay churches, 40–­ 42 Anzaldúa, Gloria, 7, 55, 59, 108, 129, 134, 135, 147n3, 148n8; Borderlands/La Frontera, 12 approval, from families of origin, 121 arrebato (Anzaldúa), 135 Asencio, Marysol, 149n6 Baptiste, David A., Jr., 151n2 barriers to intimacy, 64, 73 Bates, Aryana, 55 beauty and social status, 18–­ 19, 149n3 behavior alterations, 124–­ 127 Berry, Bonnie, 149n3 Bielby, Denise, 91 borderland spaces, 55, 81, 148n8 boundaries, racial and ethnic, 71–­ 75 cages, for Shadow-­ Beast, 59 Calvo, Luz, 3 Candelario, Ginetta, 19–­ 20, 149n4 Cantú, Lionel, 152n1 capital feminino (González-­ López), 149n2 caregiving: arrangements, 110, 153n8; in exchange for power, 127; for families of choice and origin, 121; for Latinas, 111 care work and family relationships, 105–­107 Carrington, Christopher, 12, 148n10, 151n10 Catholic Church, 41–­ 42, 50, 55, 56, 58 Chapkis, Wendy, Beauty Secrets, 18, 149n3 Charlebois, Justin, 17 children, in sexually nonconforming families of choice, 83–­ 104; influence on same-­sex relationships, 84–­85 chosen families. See families of choice Christian: identity, and gay identity, 46; morals, 39, 49. See also Catholic Church; churches Christians, LGBTQ, 40, 44 churches: antigay, 40–­ 42; gay-­ friendly, 44, 46, 55; social role, 42 citizenship issues, 68–­ 70, 95–­ 96, 102–­ 104 class status: and family, 152n4; and same-­ sex relationships, 85 comother family forms, 84, 151n3 comothers: identity, 88; legal recognition, 95, 151n9 compromise with families of origin, 117–­ 120, 126 Comstock, Gary, 40 conocimiento (Anzaldúa), path to, 59–­ 60, 135 contradictions: in integrating families, 128; between religion and sexuality, 12, 39–­ 47, 51–­ 53; within religion, 58 coparenting, resources, 87–­ 88 covering strategy (Goffman), 47 created families of choice and origin, 133 cultural differences vs. racial differences, 63 Dalton, Susan, 91 daughters, obligations of, 111 I nde x 164Index Decena, Carlos, 84, 147n1, 149n7 dependency issues, in interracial relationships , 67, 69 DeVault, Marjorie, 144 Diamond, Lisa, 3–­ 4 disclosure: process, 153n9; and visibility, 117–­118 discrimination, 35. See also racism distrust of government and legal systems, 96–­98 dominant femininities, 17; in childhood , 22; production of, 19–­ 26; societal privileges, 34–­ 36; used by families, 23; variance, 30 Dominican immigrants to US, 147n6 Donovan, Catherine, 131 Drumm, René, 54 dual motherhood, 151n3 education, 145 emotional disconnect, in interethnic relationships , 73–­74 emotional needs of families, 116–­ 117 emotion work, 13–­ 15, 52, 106, 152n3; with families of origin, 58, 76; research, 148n9; for sexually nonconforming women, 60, 81–­ 82 Eriksen, Shelley, 105 Espín, Oliva, 144 Esquibel, Catrióna, 3 ethnic identity, 72–­ 75, 139 ethnic invisibility, in interethnic relationships , 74 exchange principles (Pyke), 127 la facultad (Anzaldúa), 12, 52, 148n8 familial: acceptance, 20; approval, obstacles to, 75–­ 81; rejection, 52; stress, responses to, 116; support networks, 132–­ 133 families, given and chosen, 132, 153n1 families of choice: construction of, 85, 131, 151n3; and families of origin, 101, 105–­ 129, 148n11; support for, 119, 126 families of origin: acceptance from, 121, 153n11; conflicts with, 75–­ 81; cultural roles, 122; emotional support from, 119; extended, 101; and families of choice, integration, 101, 105–­ 129, 148n11; involvement with daughters’ families of choice, 85, 88, 98–­ 104; obligations to, 110–­ 111, 118; resistance to gender and racial nonconformity, 133–­ 134; social position in, 121; support networks, 13, 85, 100–­ 102, 121–­ 123, 126, 153n11; and visibility/invisibility, 88, 98–­ 104 familismo, 107, 133 family: for racial minorities, 132; redefined, 151–­ 152n10; and religion, rejection by, 51–­ 53; values, 51 fathers, role in gender socialization, 25 feminine ideals, 21–­ 22, 149n5 femininities: hierarchies of, 32–­ 36; multiple , 17; situational, 26–­ 31 femininity: cultural discourses, 26, 28; and familial acceptance, 20; female-­ centered production, 19–­ 26; models for, 21; outward display, 16, 26–­ 31; power of, 18; and social mobility, 18, 149n2; value in the family, 22 fictive kin building, 132, 153n1 financial independence and familial acceptance , 152n1 first-­generation Latinas, 8–­9 Fonseca, Carol A., 151n8 Frankenberg, Ruth, 79 friendship circles, 67–­ 66, 72, 132 GALDE (Gay and Lesbian Dominican Empowerment Organization), 96 Garey, Anita, 106 gay: community, 130–­ 132; identity, and religious identity, 39–­ 46 Gay and Lesbian Advocates and Defenders (GLAD), 151n9 Gay and Lesbian Dominican Empowerment Organization (GALDE), 96 gay-­ friendly churches, 44, 46, 55 gays and lesbians as kin, 131 gender: conformity, 23...