Life after Death Row: Exonerees' Search for Community and Identity

Notes

247 Notes Chapter 1 Living the Aftermath of a Wrongful Conviction 1. Information about the Life After Exoneration Program can be found at www.exonerated.org. 2. One notable exception is the oral history provided by Vollen and Eggers (2005) in Surviving Justice, based on transcriptions of interviews with exonerees. We applaud their efforts to give voice to exonerees’ accounts of their experiences. While the transcriptions do include some discussion of life after exoneration, they focus primarily on the wrongful conviction process. In addition, the book is focused on oral histories and provides little analysis of the interviews. Chapter 2 Researching the Innocent 1. See the Death Penalty Information Center at www.deathpenaltyinfo.org and the Innocence Project at www.innocenceproject.org. 2. For a discussion of the debate about what constitutes “innocence,” “exoneration ,” or an “exoneree,” a discussion beyond the scope of this analysis, see Burnett (2010), Forst (2004), Markman and Cassell (1988), Poveda (2001), Radelet and Bedau (1987), Risinger (2007), Westervelt and Humphrey (2001), and Zalman et al. (2008). 3. The literature on the effects of incarceration on ex-prisoners after release is quite limited. The literature on the effects of incarceration primarily focuses on the experiences, psychological reactions, and coping strategies of inmates during their time in prison. See, for example, Cohen and Taylor (1972), Haney (2006), R. Johnson and Toch (1982), Liebling and Maruna (2005), Porporino and Zamble (1984), Sykes (1958), Wormith (1984), and Zamble and Porporino (1988). Chapter 3 Introducing the Exonerees 1. To prepare for each interview, we developed in-depth summary narratives that provided as many details about each case as possible, including the crime itself, the primary “players” in the case, evidence used toward conviction , appellate and exoneration processes, retrial information (when applicable), and dates of arrest, adjudication, conviction, death sentencing, and exoneration. We gathered this information from newspaper and magazine articles, academic journal articles, book chapters, websites, and appellate case decisions. Some of this information was then supplemented by the interviews themselves and from other personal communications with our participants. For each case overview provided in chapter 3, we note the primary sources used for each case. While not an exhaustive list of sources (which in some cases number in the dozens), each note includes those sources that contributed most significantly to the development of the summary narrative on that case. 2. Ohio v. Beeman (1978); Death Penalty Information Center (www.deathpenalty info.org); Northwestern Center on Wrongful Convictions (www.law.northwestern .edu/cwc/); personal communication, Michael Radelet (2002); personal communication, Gary Beeman (May 11, 2006; September 29, 2006; December 27, 2009). 3. Bloodsworth v. Maryland (1986); Dao (2003); Junkin (2004); Northwestern Center on Wrongful Convictions (www.law.northwestern.edu/cwc/). 4. Brown v. Florida (1980); Brown v. Florida (1983); Brown v. Florida (1986); Anderson (1997); Freedberg (1999); Northwestern Center on Wrongful Convictions (www.law.northwestern.edu/cwc/). 5. Butler v. Mississippi (1992); Amnesty International (1998); Mitchell (1995a, 1995b); Pratt (1990a, 1990b). 6. People v. Cobb (1983); United States v. Maloney (1995); Mandell (2001); Northwestern Center on Wrongful Convictions (www.law.northwestern .edu/cwc/). 7. Idaho v. Fain (1988); Bonner (2001); Weinstein (2001a, 2001b); Northwestern Center on Wrongful Convictions (www.law.northwestern.edu/cwc/). 8. Gauger v. Hendle et al. (2002); Keeshan (2002); Northwestern Center on Wrongful Convictions (www.law.northwestern.edu/cwc/). 9. Neff (2002a, 2002b, 2002c, 2002d). 10. A. Johnson (2002a, 2002b, 2003a, 2003b, 2003c). 11. Keaton v. Florida (1973); Blank and Jensen (2005); Lickson (1974). 12. Arizona v. Krone (1995); Dodd (1995); Laughlin (1996, 2002); Nelson (2003). 13. McMillian v. Alabama (1993); Earley (1995); “Johnny D,” 60 Minutes, CBS News (November 1992); written summary provided by Angie Setzer, Equal Justice Initiative (www.eji.org). 14. Melendez v. Florida (1998); Melendez v. Florida (2001); Associated Press (2003); Word (2003); Canadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty (www.ccadp.org/ juanmelendez.htm). 15. North Carolina v. Rivera (1999); Hinton (1999); Ziegenbaig (1999). 16. To respect Taylor’s request for confidentiality, we do not cite any documents here that could link him to his actual identity. 17. Tibbs v. Florida (1976); McClory (1983); Radelet et al. 1994; Terkel (2001); Northwestern Center on Wrongful Convictions (www.law.northwestern .edu/cwc/). 18. Wilhoit v. Oklahoma (1991); Juozapavicius (2001); Saletan (2003); Vollertsen (2004). Part Two Struggling with Life after Exoneration 1. See, for example, the following: the four-part investigative series on the Alan Gell case written by Joseph Neff in the Raleigh News & Observer between December 8 and December 11, 2002; the eight-part...