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Abad, Ruth H., 78, 79 Abrenilla, Alejandra, 78 Abundis, Armando, 167–168 Acapulco, Mexico, 8 Acapulo Restaurant, 68 ACLU. See American Civil Liberties Union Adams, Romanzo, 172n14 Advincula, Julio, 67 AFL. See American Federation of Labor African Americans: civil rights, 81; housing, 47–48, 54–57, 60, 63; interethnic relationship between—women and Filipino men, 132; labor activism, 109, 121; racial violence, 86, 88; segregation and discriminatory practices against, 41–43 agricultural industry: farmworkers movement, 163–164; Filipino and Mexican role in, 5, 10, 15, 16, 17, 26, 46; inhumane treatment of workers, 101; labor militancy, 101; labor organizing, 97, 98–113; migratory labor, 27–29, 99; militancy and radicalism, 106; not included in Heller Report, 19; strikes, 92; wage disparities, 93, 104, 107–108, 112; war’s impact on labor in, 18, 32 Agricultural Workers Unions of America, 112 Alaska, 99 USS Albany, 25 Alcalde, Tony, 26, 51 Alianza Hispano-Americana, 74, 192n20 Allen, Dennis V., 81–82 Allied Workers of America, 212n217 Almirol, Edwin, 138, 217n49 Alvarez, Luis, 87 Alvarez, Roberto, 80–81 Alvarez, Roberto R., Jr., 5, 31–32, 142, 194n54 Amaguin, Nena, 29, 64–65 Amansec, Amando, 97 America for Americans Club, 33 America Is in the Heart (Bulosan), 99 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 109, 110 American Council of Race Relations, 42, 48, 53, 55 American Federation of Labor (AFL), 100, 201n55: breach with CIO, 210n187; call for end of Asian immigration, 15; call for exclusion of Mexicans and Filipinos, 33, 35; control of fish canneries, 123–125; craft-conscious conservatism, 203n81; efforts to organize agricultural workers, 102, 112; newspaper (see San Diego Labor Leader) American Indian movement, 163 American Indians, 99, 132 Americanization schools, 80 American Legion, 33, 109 American mestizo. See mestizo American Mexican Union, 103 “Angel Baby” (Hamlin), 90, 198n118 Anzaldúa, Gloria, 7, 159 Apostol, Porfirio S., 29, 66 USS Arizona, 25 Arredondo, Guadalupe, 125 Arriola, P. E., 192n30 227 Index Page numbers in italics refer to figures and tables. Asian American movement, 163 Asian Americans: agricultural workers, 100; businesses, 66; exclusion policies, 15, 17, 42–44, 48–49, 54, 56; fish-canning workers, 99; multiracial/multiethnic, 6–7 Asian-Latino population, 4–5 Asociación Mexicana del Valle Imperial (Mexican Association of the Imperial Valley), 110–111 Aspiras, Maxima, 78 Avina, Bea, 119 Ayap, Freddie, 26, 85, 88, 98, 147, 151 Azevedo family, 113–114 Aztec Hall, 109 bachelor societies, 133–134 Baja California, 30, 31, 39 Balanag, Charito, 54, 78, 79, 114, 139 Baldwin, Hugh J., 24 barbershops, 67, 68 barrio, 184n19 Barrio Logan. See Logan Heights Bataan Café, 67 Becoming Mexican American (Sánchez), 65 Benny and the Velvetones, 89 Berkeley, California, 51 Berry, Chuck, 90 bindle-stiffs, 202n57 biracial baby boom, 172n13 Bishop High School (La Jolla), 97 Black Japanese, 6, 7 Black Power movement, 163 Blue Notes, 88 Bogardus, Emory S., 51, 101 Bonus, Rick, 64 Border Patrol, 21 Bostics, 89 USS Boston, 26 Bowers, George B., 35 Boyle Heights (Los Angeles neighborhood), 44, 188n84 Bracero Program, 127, 212n211 Branscome, Thomas F., 24 Brown, Edmund, 75 Brown Berets of Aztlán, 165 Brown v. Board of Education, 80 Budhi, Felix, 26, 75, 138 Budhi, Irma, 138 Buaken, Manuel, 36, 41, 96, 97, 135 Bulosan, Carlos, 35, 60, 99, 109, 135 Bumble Bee fish cannery, 128 Burma, John, 133, 158, 215n26 Caballeros De Dimas Alang, 76 Calasiao, Philippines, 130 Calexico, California, 30 California: Fair Employment Practices Commission, 59; interethnic relationships, 4; Joint Immigration Committee, 33; Race Relations Commission, 82; State Federation of Labor, 33; State Grange, 33; State Labor Commission, 107; studies on racial mixing, 7; Supreme Court, 131, 217n43 California Packing Corporation, 122, 124, 210–211n199 Camarillo, Albert, 44 Campo (San Diego neighborhood), 30 Cannery and Agricultural Workers Industrial Union (CAWIU), 106–107, 109, 110–111, 203n81 cannery queens. See fish-canning industry: race, gender, labor cultures Cannery Workers and Fishermen’s Union, 125 Carlin v. San Diego Board of Education, 81 Carpenters Union, 74 Carrazco, Hortencia, 116, 118, 119 Casa de Mañana, 96 Castillo-Tsuchida, Adelaida, 5, 29, 36, 45 Catapusan, Benicio T., 133, 134, 215n26, 218n65 Catholic Church: events, 9, 32, 142–145; foundation, 9–10, 11, 132, 133, 138–139, 149; influence of, 9, 142; and nonCatholic churches, 189n112; race and spatial politics, 61–63; social clubs, 74 Cavite Association of San Diego, 76 CAWIU. See Cannery and Agricultural Workers Industrial Union Celery Growers’ Association, 108 Chambers, Claude, 81 Chamorros, 44 Chavacano, 9, 143 Chávez, César, 106, 164...

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