The Morning After: A History of Emergency Contraception in the United States

Notes

129 Notes Introduction 1. Robert A. Hatcher, James Trussell, Felicia Stewart, et al., Emergency Contraception: The Nation’s Best-Kept Secret (Decataur, GA: Bridging the Gap Communications, 1995); Barbara Pillsbury, Francine Coeytaux, and Andrea Johnson, From Secret to Shelf: How Collaboration Is Bringing Emergency Contraception to Women (Los Angeles: Pacific Institute for Women’s Health, 1999). 2. For more information on current methods of emergency contraception, see the Emergency Contraception website, http://ec.princeton.edu/ (accessed June 2, 2009). 3. Margaret Marsh and Wanda Ronner, The Fertility Doctor: John Rock and the Reproductive Revolution (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008). 4. For more on the development of DES and other synthetic estrogens, see Elizabeth Siegel Watkins, The Estrogen Elixir: A History of Hormone Replacement Therapy in America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007), 10–31. 5. Barbara Seaman and Gideon Seaman, Women and the Crisis in Sex Hormones (New York: Rawson Associates Publishers, 1977). 6. For example, see Barbara Ehrenreich and Deidre English, For Her Own Good: 150 Years of the Experts’ Advice to Women (New York: Anchor Press, 1978). 7. Elizabeth Watkins, On the Pill: A Social History of Oral Contraceptives, 1950–1970 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998); Lara Marks, Sexual Chemistry: A History of the Pill (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001); Andrea Tone, Devices and Desires: A History of Contraceptives in America (New York: Hill and Wang, 2001); and Johanna Schoen, Choice and Coercion: Birth Control, Sterilization, and Abortion in Public Health and Welfare (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005). 8. Adele Clarke and Theresa Montini, “The Many Faces of RU486: Tales of Situated Knowledges and Technological Contestations,” Science, Technology, and Human Values 18 (1993): 42. 9. Schoen, Choice and Coercion, 22–23. 10. Wendy Kline, Bodies of Knowledge: Sexuality, Reproduction, and Women’s Health in the Second Wave (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010); Susan Reverby, “Thinking through the Body and the Body Politic: Feminism, History, and HealthCare Policy in the United States,” in Women, Health, and Nation: Canada and the United States since 1945, edited by Georgina Feldberg, Molly Ladd-Taylor, Alison Li, and Kathryn McPherson (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003), 404–420. Chapter 1 — A Second Revolution in Birth Control 1. Lawrence Lader, “Three Men Who Made a Revolution,” New York Times, April 10, 1966, 58. 2. Lara Marks, “Parenting the Pill: Early Testing of the Contraceptive Pill,” in Bodies of Technology: Women’s Involvement with Reproductive Medicine, edited by Ann Rudinow Saetnan, Nelly Oudshoorn, and Marta Kirejczyk (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2000), 146. 3. Ellen Chesler, Woman of Valor: Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement in America (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992); R. Christian Johnson, “Feminism, Philanthropy, and Science in the Development of the Oral Contraceptive Pill,” Pharmacy in History 19, no. 2 (1977): 63–78. 4. For more on the history of oral contraceptives, see Lara Marks, Sexual Chemistry: A History of the Pill (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001); Andrea Tone, Devices and Desires: A History of Contraceptives in America (New York: Hill and Wang, 2001); Elizabeth Watkins, On the Pill: A Social History of Oral Contraceptives, 1950–1970 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998); Leon Speroff, A Good Man, Gregory Pincus: The Man, His Story, the Birth Control Pill (Portland, OR: Arnica Publishing, 2009); and Elaine Tyler May, American and the Pill: A History of Promise, Peril, and Liberation (New York: Basic Books, 2010). 5. Watkins, On the Pill, 80–81. 6. Elizabeth Siegel Watkins, “From Breakthrough to Bust: The Brief Life of Norplant, the Contraceptive Implant,” Journal of Women’s History 22 (2010): 88–111. 7. Carrie Eisert, “Psychiatry, Gynecology, and the Effort to Understand Emotional Reactions to Oral Contraception,” paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the History of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, April 30, 2009; Patricia Peck Gossel, “Packaging the Pill,” in Manifesting Medicine: Bodies and Machines, edited by Robert Bud, Bernard S. Finn, and Helmuth Trischler (Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Harwood Academic, 1999), 105–122. 8. Johanna Schoen, Choice and Coercion: Birth Control, Sterilization, and Abortion in Public Health and Welfare (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005). 9. A. S. Parkes and C. W. Bellerby, “The Effects of the Injection of Oestrus-Producing Hormone during Pregnancy,” Journal of Physiology 62 (1926): 145–155. 10. H. O. Burdick and G. Pincus, “The Effect of Oestrin Injections upon the Developing Ova of Mice and Rabbits,” American Journal of Physiology 11 (1935): 201–208. 11. A...