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191 Appendix B Concepts and Terms 28-day: Short-term in-custody drug treatment program for a maximum of 28 days. 120-day (drug dorm): Long-term in-custody drug treatment program for a maximum of 120 days. Administrative Discharge: Final outcome used by staff when it does not have the legal jurisdiction to continue working with the youths. These youths are technically not considered failures but also have not done enough to be granted the full privileges of the program graduates. AWOL (absent without leave): Youths who have run away from home. Bench warrant: An order issued by a judge for the arrest of an individual, typically when the youth fails to show up for court. Clean time (see sober days) Custody days: Maximum amount of time that youths can be incarcerated for the offense for which they have been found guilty. The amount of custody time the youths receive becomes a crucial factor in how staff works with them in the program. Dilutes: Ambiguous urinalysis drug test results where there is not enough creatinine in the urine to confirm the levels of drug use. Drug dorm (see 120-day program) ESP/electronic supervision: Intensive form of house arrest where youths must wear an ankle bracelet that tracks their movement to ensure they stay inside the house. Home supervision/house arrest: An alternative to juvenile hall where youths are to remain at home unless they are in school, treatment, or out with a parent. They are supposed to stay inside the house and cannot even be outside on the patio or in the yard. Incentives: Rewards for youths’ good behavior, such as phase promotions, sobriety tokens, movie tickets, and gift certificates. Normal remedies (sanctions): Staff’s punishments for youth noncompliance, or what is called “sanctions” in drug court terminology. Parens patrie: A concept initially used in medieval English courts, it justifies the legal intervention of the U.S. juvenile courts, who assume the parental role over a youth’s life if necessary. Presumpts/presumptive: Drug test in which a treated strip of paper is dipped into urine, providing instantaneous results. Sanctions: Penalties for violating the court’s expectations. (See also “normal remedies.”) Sober days: The court’s official record of a youth’s sobriety. It is determined by the youth’s drug test results, with each new positive test resetting the count back to zero. To graduate from the program, the youth must accumulate 365 consecutive sober days. Stay: Delayed sanction, meaning the court will enforce the sanction when the youth commits another noncompliant action. Suspended: This outcome is used after a youth is arrested on a new offense. The suspension lasts until the case is resolved in mainstream juvenile court. If the offense is serious enough, the youth typically does not return to drug court. Therapeutic jurisprudence: Initially conceptualized for mental health law, a new legal movement in which the courts view the law as a therapeutic tool, considering how the law can both hurt and help an offender. UAs/Urinalysis: The most common form of drug testing which measures the drug levels in the creatinine of a person’s urine. Vacated cases: Situations in which youths are sent to one-year residential drug treatment programs and are removed from the court docket. Workability: The staff’s sense of how it can best influence a youth to adhere to the court’s requirements. There are common workability types (e.g., drug-oriented, corrective-oriented, helping-oriented, and nonintervention ) with which the staff uses normal remedies in different combinations to get the youth to learn accountability. Compromised workability types (e.g., mental illness, lost causes) are when the staff is unable to hold the youth accountable, either due to its lack of resources or the ineffective impact of its normal remedies on the youth. A p p e n d i x B 192 ...

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