Crossing Under the Hudson: The Story of the Holland and Lincoln Tunnels

Notes

187 introduction 1. “Trolley Tunnel Open to Jersey,” New York Times, February 26, 2008. These tunnels are now part of the Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH). 2. The complete story of the Pennsylvania Railroad’s efforts to deliver its passengers into Manhattan without the use of Hudson ferries is well told in Jill Jonnes, Conquering Gotham: A Gilded Age Epic: The Construction of Pennsylvania Station and Its Tunnels (New York: Viking, 2008). 3. Daniel Gross, Forbes’ Greatest Business Stories of All Time (Hoboken: Wiley, 1997), 75–82. 4. Michael Aaron Rockland, The George Washington Bridge: Poetry in Steel (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2008), 7. 5. Laurie Pawlik-Kienlen, “The 9 Most Common Phobias in Psychology,” Suite 101.com, February 18, 2007, http://psychology.suite101.com/article.cfm/the_most_ common_ phobias, accessed June 27, 2010. 6. “My Insane Fear of Tunnels,” I’m Not Obsessed, June 10, 2008, http://www .imnotobsessed.com/node/45605, accessed June 27, 2010. 7. K. G. Gotestam and S. Svebak, “Treatment of Tunnel Phobia: An Experimental Field Study,” Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 39, no. 3 (September 2009): 146–152. 8. John H. Lienhard, “The Holland Tunnel,” The Engines of Our Ingenuity, episode no. 1698, http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1698.html, accessed June 21, 2010. 9. Ian Fisher, “Tunneling into a World of Danger,” New York Times, November 28, 1993. 10. Thomas Kelly, Sandhogs (Brooklyn: Soft Skull Press, 2008), 10. Sandhogs was originally published under the title Payback (New York: Knopf, 1997). 11. Ibid., 11. 12. “The Holland Tunnel’s First Year,” New York Times, November 15, 1928. 13. “Rank Tunnels First in Wonders of the City,” New York Times, July 23, 1929. 14. James Barton, “A Tunnel? Holland Named a U.S. Historic Landmark,” New York Times, June 27, 1994. 15. Thomas R. Flagg, “An Investigation into the Location of the Weehawken Dueling Ground,” http://duel 2004.weehawkenhistory.org/flagg.pdf, retrieved July 5, 2010. 16. “Weehawken Dueling Grounds Marker,” dedicated July 11, 2004, http://due12004 .weehawkenhistory.org/dedication.php, accessed 5 July 2010. 17. Charles H. Winfield, History of Hudson County, New Jersey (1874; Englewood: Bergen Historic Books, 1995), 201. Notes 18. Ian Frazier, “Route 3: What I Saw on the Road Through New Jersey,” New Yorker, February 16, 2004. 19. Jack, “Lincoln Tunnel,” posted February 24, 2006, on Citynoise, http://citynoise .org/article/3115, accessed June 22, 2010. chapter 1 — it can’t be done: planning for the holland tunnel 1. Theodore P. Shonts, “To Reconstruct Our Port: An Elaborate Plan,” New York Times, November 1, 1914. 2. James T. Fisher, On the Irish Waterfront: The Crusader, the Movie, and the Soul of the Port of New York (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009), 53. 3. James Glanz and Eric Lipton, City in the Sky: The Rise and Fall of the World Trade Center (New York: Times Books, 2003), 47–48. 4. Haynes Johnson, foreword to Malcolm Johnson, On the Waterfront (New York: Chamberlain Bros., 2005), vi–vii. 5. Johnson, On the Waterfront, 15–17. 6. Ibid., 21–22. 7. Philip Lopate, Waterfront: A Journey Around Manhattan (New York: Crown Publishers, 2004), 57–58. 8. Fisher, On the Irish Waterfront, 38–39. 9. Ibid., 41–50. 10. “Motor Truck Men to Hear River Plan,” New York Times, March 7, 1914. 11. “Millions Saved on Mild Winter,” New York Times, April 6, 1919. 12. “Marine Workers Strike Paralyzes New York Harbor,” New York Times, March 5, 1919. 13. “Why New York Needs a Vehicular Tunnel,” New York Times, March 9, 1919. 14. John Alexander Low Waddell, Economics of Bridgework: A Sequel to Bridge Engineering (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1921), 56. 15. “Tunnel Instead of Bridge,” New York Times, January 19, 1913. 16. “Tunnels Not Bridge Favored to Jersey,” New York Times, April 22, 1913. 17. “Tunnel Highways to Jersey Likely,” New York Times, November 18, 1913. 18. Andrew Dunn, Tunnels (New York: Thomson Learning, 1992), 13. 19. Carl C. Gray, The Eighth Wonder (Boston: B. F. Sturtevant, 1927), 15. 20. E. A. Byrne, quoted in John Walker Harrington, “Hudson Under-River Roadway,” New York Times, June 15, 1919. 21. “Major Gen. Goethals Favors Hudson River Tunnel,” New York Times, January 27, 1918. 22. “New Board to Plan for Jersey Tunnels,” New York Times, June 9, 1917. 23. “Urges New Tunnel Under the Hudson,” New York Times, March 18, 1918. 24. “Contract Is Signed for Vehicular Tube,” New York Times, September 28, 1919. 25. “Interstate Tunnel Bodies Organize,” New York Times, July 2...