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Index
- Rutgers University Press
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- Additional Information
177 Index Adams, Valerie, 140 Albelda, Randy, 144 American Association of Social Workers (AASW), 65 American Community Survey (ACS), 6, 148 American Federation of Labor (AFL), 82 American Medical Association (AMA), 48 American Nurses Association (ANA), 55, 82 Armstrong, Pat, 126–127 Beauvoir, Simone de, 39 “benevolence,” 63–64 Beth Israel Hospital, 87–88 Bickham-Mendez, Jennifer, 120–121 Black workers: in child-care occupations, 100; in cleaning jobs, 122; domestic service and, 23–24, 27–29, 35, 38–39; gendered division of labor and, 11; in health care occupations, 85–87; in hospital jobs, 125–126; menial labor performed by, 136; in mental health occupations, 108–110; in nonnurturant care occupations, 114–115; in nurturant care occupations, 44, 79–80; as practical nurses, 54–55; in social work occupations, 67–69, 108–110; in teaching occupations, 62, 94–95, 97–98 Boulis, Ann, 83 Braverman, Harry, 76 Bronfenbrenner, Urie, 93 Budig, Michelle, 18 bureaucratic control, 7, 76, 83–84, 108; in education, 60, 71, 97; of nursing, 86 cafeteria workers, 114, 136, 141 Cancian, Francesca, 9, 15–16 care work. See child care; health care; nonnurturant care; nurturant care; individual occupations Carlton-LeNay, Iris, 110 Carter, Michael, 83 Carter, Susan, 83 Center for the Childcare Workforce (CCW), 139 certified nursing assistants (CNAs), 88–89, 112 Charity Organization Society (COS), 64–65 charity work, 42, 63–67, 69, 108, 137 child care, 27, 56–63, 98–105, 132–133; demographics of, 2007, 97–98, 100; for poor children, 103; professionalization of, 104; racial-ethnic representation in, 101–102; relationality in, 102–103; twentieth-century changes in, 7 child-care workers, 1–2; associated with reproductive labor, 12l; challenges faced by, 141; changing expectations for, 45; as educators, 104, 139–140; growth in numbers of, 78, 93; 178 Index child-care workers (continued) interpersonal skills of, 16; lacking legal protection, 143; nonnurturant work done by, 113; as nurturant care workers, 6, 9; racial-ethnic women as, 137; relational care and, 127; unionization of, 104–105, 123. See also day care workers child-centered environments, 93–94 childhood, 56–59, 132–133; as sacred, 56–59, 63, 69, 93, 132. See also infancy child labor, 26, 59 child welfare, 69 citizenship, 7, 34, 136, 137, 143 civil rights movement, 28–29, 94 class inequality, 2–3, 5, 129; domestic work and, 33; among women, 40–41 cleaning services, 119–121, 122, 172n15 cleaning workers, 115–128; challenges faced by, 141; demographics of, 122, 125–126; gendered division of labor and, 117–119; in hospitals, 125, 126–127; importance of, 124; list of occupations, 172n4; as nonnurturant care workers, 19; racial-ethnic women as, 135, 137; relational skills of, 127; rise in number of, 115; social organization of, 119–121. See also housecleaners; housekeepers; janitors; maids clergy, 66–68, 106–107, 109 clerical workers, 76, 126 Clinton, Bill, 140 cold-modern model of care, 4 commercialization, 4 commodification, 4, 130 Common School movement, 58, 134 companionship services, 91–92 “concerted cultivation,” 102–103 Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 82 cost containment, 81, 83 cost cutting, 7, 76–77, 84, 86, 112, 138–139, 143; cleaning and, 122; in health care, 87–88, 125; in mental health care, 108 Cowan, Ruth Schwartz, 72 Cranford, Cynthia, 122 data collection, 147–152 day care workers, 1, 15, 99–102, 105 dehumanization, 39 deinstitutionalization, 90 dependency, 13–15, 17 dependents, 18, 144 deskilling, 76–77, 86, 91, 143; feminization linked to, 108, 111–112 Diamond, Timothy, 88–89, 138 Dine, Philip, 86 Dix, Dorothea, 69–71 doctors. See physicians Dodson, Lisa, 89 domestic service, 6–7, 20–41; associated with menial tasks, 17; child care and, 63; demography of, 1900, 23–24; demography of, 1950, 27–28; demography of, 1990, 29–30; employer-employee relationship and, 34–35; invisibility of workers, 36–37; lack of legal protection for, 37, 143; modern equivalents, 135–136; in the nineteenth century, 20–24; as nonnurturant care, 113–115; as nurturant care, 10; racialization of, 27–28, 38–39; relational nature of, 34–35; reproductive labor and, 10–11; spiritual/menial division of labor in, 162n83; stigma associated with, 35–36; temporary workers and, 157n14; twenty-first-century growth of, 31–33; twentieth-century decline of, 24–31, 157n19; undesirability of, 33–34; vulnerability of workers in, 119–120; wages for, 35–36 Du Bois, W.E.B., 35 economic inequality, 31, 137, 140–141 economic restructuring, 75–76. See also cost cutting education: nonnurturant care in, 124; twentieth...