The Making of Chicana/o Studies: In the Trenches of Academe

Notes

preface 1. Throughout the book the term “Chicano Studies” is used to refer to programs before 1995, when the National Association for Chicano Studies changed its name to the National Association for Chicana and Chicano Studies. After this date “Chicana/o Studies” becomes the rule. The change from the gender-neutral “Chicano” was brought about by the struggles and sacrifices of Chicana scholars and students who emphasized the partnership of women in building the area of study. The term “Chicana/o” is used throughout the text to refer to the Mexican American people and Latinas/os as a whole. 2. “Acceptance and Latino-Jewish Relations in Arizona,” Latino Perspectives, http:// latinopm.com/opinion/my-perspective/acceptance-and-latino-jewish-relations-inarizona -781 (accessed November 15, 2010). “Horne Resigns from Board of ADL,” Jewish News of Greater Phoenix, March 5, 2010 http://www.jewishaz.com/issues/story.mv?100305⫹ horne (accessed November 15, 2010). 3. José Martí to Sr. Manuel Mercado, “Campamento de Dos Ríos,” May 18, 1895, http:// www.embacubalebanon.com/marti180595s.html (accessed June 6, 2010). introduction 1. Raw Story, “Poll Finds Americans Trust Fox News More Than Any Other Network,” January 26, 2010, http://www.wdkp.com/health/tips/poll-finds-americans-trust-fox-newsmore -than-any-other-network/8935.html (accessed November 7, 2010). One of the first authors to use the notion of “becoming” is George J. Sánchez, Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900–1945 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995). 2. “Brian Bilbray, GOP Rep., Claims Clothes Identify Illegal Immigrants,” Huffington Post, April 22, 2010, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/04/22/brian-bilbray-gop-rep-cla_n_ 547710.html (accessed November 7, 2010). 3. “Myths and Truths: Three Main Myths About TUSD Ethnic Studies Programs,” SaveEthnicStudies.Org, http://www.saveethnicstudies.org/myths_and_truths.shtml (accessed November 20, 2010). 4. “Arizona Bill Would Permit Confiscation of Books Opposed to American Values Like Capitalism,” Infoshop News, May 5, 2010, http://news.infoshop.org/article.php? 211 Notes story⫽20080421170146735 (accessed November 8, 2010). For discussions of SB1070 and HB2281 see http://forchicanachicanostudies.wikispaces.com/Arizona (accessed November 7, 2010). One of the charges made by Pearce and Superintendent of Public Instruction Tom Horne is that my book Occupied America: A History of Chicanos (New York: Longman, 2010), is unpatriotic and lies because it says that the United States invaded Mexico. A fact that most historians would concede. 5. Leo Anchondo, “Top 10 Myths about Immigration,” Center for Community Change, http://www.communitychange.org/our-projects/firm/our-work/general-information-onimmigration /top-10-myths-about-immigration (accessed November 8, 2010). 6. Haya El Nasser, “U.S. Hispanic Population to Triple by 2050,” USA Today, February 12, 2008. A. Francesca Jenkins, “Students: A Statistical Survey,” Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education 19, no. 7 (January 5, 2009): 54. 7. “U.S. Hispanic Population Surpasses 45 Million, Now 15 Percent of Total,” U.S. Census Bureau Press Release, May 1, 2008. 8. CIA: The World Fact Book, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook /docs/profileguide.html (accessed May 5, 2010). 9. U.S. Census Bureau, State and County Quick Facts, http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/ states/27000.html (accessed June 22, 2009). 10. State and County Databases, Pew Hispanic Center, http://pewhispanic.org/states/ (accessed May 5, 2010). 11. Richard Fry and Jeffrey S. Passel, “Latino Children: A Majority Are U.S.-Born Offspring of Immigrants,” Pew Hispanic Center, May 28, 2009, http://pewhispanic.org/ reports/report.php?ReportID⫽110. Richard Fry and Felisa Gonzales, “One-in-Five and Growing Fast: A Profile of Hispanic Public School Students,” Pew Hispanic Center, August 26, 2008, http://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/92.pdf (accessed May 5, 2010). Richard Fry and Jeffrey S. Pasel, “Latino Children: A Majority Are U.S. Born Offspring of Immigrants,” Pew Hispanic Center, May 28, 2009, i, http://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/110.pdf (accessed May 6, 2010). 12. Latino identity is used in most statistical studies. The two largest Latino groups with the longest history in the United States are the Puerto Ricans and Mexicans. Clara Rodríguez, Changing Race: Latinos, the Census, and the History of Ethnicity in the United States (New York, New York University Press, 2000). Roland Chilton and Gordon F. Sutton, “Classification by Race and Spanish Origin in the 1980 Census and Its Impact on White and Nonwhite Rates,” American Statistician 40, no. 3 (August 1986...