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x i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book was a group effort, and I have many people to thank. Zachary Lockman provided advice, numerous careful readings, and unparalleled menschlichkeit. I am also a better thinker for having studied with Timothy Mitchell, Michael Gilsenan, Ariel Salzmann, Samira Haj, and Lila Abu-Lughod. Another brave cadre of scholars slogged through various incarnations of this work and survived to tell the tale: Edward Berenson, Julia Clancy-Smith, Alice Conklin, Susan Hiner, Patricia Lorcin, Aron Rodrigue, Jeffrey Schneider, Eliot Schreiber, David Shalk, Susan Slyomovics, and Paul Silverstein. During a memorable discussion in Poughkeepsie, New York, Henri Alleg provided invaluable inspiration to continue my work on colonialism . I extend a special thanks to Sarah Stein for the limitless help she afforded me by reading many versions of this manuscript and offering consistently excellent advice. Her confidence and support came at a difficult time and both were crucial to the success of this project. Nathaniel Deutsch has often expressed confidence in this project and I thank him sincerely for his encouragement. Michael Gasper has been a great friend, smart critic, and an invaluable support throughout graduate school and since. Beth Kressel, my original editor at Rutgers University Press, was helpful, efficient, and insightful, and Marlie Wasserman, also of Rutgers University Press, steered this project smoothly and capably through completion. I cannot thank these people enough for their suggestions, critiques, and insights. I am also indebted to the host of brilliant friends, colleagues, readers, critics, panelists, mentors, and co-conspirators who have helped me through many long years of study, research, writing, and life in general. They continue to shape my thinking. This list of luminaries includes Sabri Ates, Laura Bier, Lia Brozgal, Koray Caliskan, John Chalcraft, Jessica Cooperman, David Deutsch, Marc Epstein, Rachel Friedman, Najib Hourani, Wilson Jacobs, Carey Kasten, Hartley Lachter, Max Leeming, Jared Manasek, Mitch Miller, Joe Nevins, Omnia el-Shakry, Michael Walsh, Owen White, Patricia Sloane-White, John Willis, and Eva Woods. My dear friends Heather Chaplin, Macabee Montandon, and Catherine Crawford provided consistent and necessary support; they know better than anyone that the final click is always in your heart. x ii ACKNOW LEDGMENTS My stellar colleagues at Vassar College’s Department of History have provided greatly appreciated advice, support, inspiration, and constructive criticism: Nancy Bisaha, Bob Brigham, Mita Choudhury, Miriam Cohen, Rebecca Edwards, Michael Hanagan, Maria Höhn, James Merrell, Quincy Mills, Lydia Murdoch, Leslie Offut, Miki Pohl, Ismail Rashid, and Hiraku Shimoda. In addition to their roles in the creation of a fantastic work environment, they deserve additional thanks for their timely support of academic freedom. Marc Epstein, as a good friend and as chair of Vassar College’s Jewish Studies Program, has also been phenomenally supportive. The helpful staffs of the Centre des Archives d’Outre Mer and the Maison Méditerranéenne des Science de l’Homme also deserve mention; Professor Robert Ilbert was particularly kind while helping me establish myself in Aix-en-Provence. Thanks also to the staffs of the archives of the Consistoire Central des Israélites de France, the Archives Nationales de France, the Service Historique de la Défense, the National Archives (United Kingdom), the Bibliothèque de l’Alliance Israélite Universelle, the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, the Library of the Jewish Theological Seminary, and the Royal Geographical Society. The generosity of a number of institutions made this research possible. The Dolores Zorhab Liebmann Fellowship funded my major research in Paris and Aix-en-Provence. The Maison Méditerranéenne des Sciences de l’Homme contributed to my housing costs during my time in Aix. Vassar College’s Committee on Research supported several crucial research trips through the Lucy Maynard Salmon Research Fund, the Gabrielle Snyder Beck Fund, and the Emily Floyd Fund. Parts of Chapter 2 appeared originally as “‘They Swore Upon the Tombs Never to Make Peace With Us’: Algerian Jews and French Colonialism” in Algeria and France: Identity, Memory, Nostalgia (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2006). This material is preprinted by permission of Syracuse University Press. Elements of Chapters 3 and 5 first appeared in the article “Napoléon’s Long Shadow: Morality, Civilization and Jews in France and Algeria, 1808–1870,” French Historical Studies 30 (Winter 2007): 77–103. These sections are reprinted by permission of the publisher, Duke University Press. The postcard images of Oran’s Jewish quarter and its main synagogue come from the private collection of Stephanie Comfort. The photo of Jews in Ghardaia is...

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