Day of the Dead in the USA: The Migration and Transformation of a Cultural Phenomenon

Index

aboriginal peoples. See Indigenous peoples advertising, 85–86 aesthetic distancing, 117 affirmative action, 91 Afghanistan war protests, 80 African Americans, 82 Aguera, Francisco, 26 Aguilar, Mario E., 46 AIDS victims, 81 Alderete,Terry, 96 Alianza Indigena, 76, 158n20 All Saints’ Day, 10–11 All Souls’ Day, 10–11, 13–14, 152nn3–4 altar installations: Guatemalan and Salvadoran, 54, 134; honoring Latino cultural icons, 6; Indigenous peoples, 152n2; international, 150n8; McMuertos, 120–121; and Mexico’s Day of the Dead customs, 23, 40; political, 132–135, 138; public shrine making as, 102; in San Diego Day of the Dead celebrations, 56–58; traditional, 12–13, 17; year-round installations, 162n9. See also ofrendas Altman, P., 27 American Indian Movement, 38 ancestor altars, 12–13, 150n8 anticolonial liberation movements, 38 Anzaldúa, Gloria, 82 Appadurai,Arjun, 117 Argentina, 19 Arroyo,AntonioVanegas, 27–28, 43 Arroyo,ArsacioVanegas, 43 art as means of communication, 57–58, 71, 79, 137 artists: increasing recognition of, 64, 95–96; inspired by Day of the Dead, 129; reclamation of cultural history and identity, 29, 38–39, 86 atole de maiz (corn-based drink), 16, 48, 167 authenticity, 7, 112–113, 121, 131–136 Avalos, David, 43, 106, 110 Aymara. See Indigenous peoples Aztecs, 21, 24–25, 46. See also Indigenous peoples Barraza, Jesus, 71 Benitez,Tomás, 52, 111 Bilingual Education Act (TitleVII), 90 Binational Oaxacan Indigenous Front, 65 Black Power Movement, 38 Boccalero, Sr. Karen, 47 Bolaños, Fray Joaquín, 26 Bolivia, 3, 10, 13, 17–18 books about the Day of the Dead, 45 Border Action Network, 76, 158n19 Border Pilgrimage, 75–77, 158n18 Bourdieu, Pierre, 117 los braceros, 78–79 Brandes, Stanley, 2, 25–26, 30–31 Brazil, 59 Bread for the Dead Festival (Tijuana), 126–127, 165n30 Bronowski, J., 126 Buddhism, 101 185 Index Buechler, Hans, 17–18 Bueno, Carlos, 47 Cadavál, Olivia, 62, 64 El Calavera (literary magazine), 27 calavera (skull) imagery, 23–27, 40, 44, 154n20, 167 calaveritas (miniature skeleton figures), 24, 167 California Arts Council, 93 California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation , 74 Canclini, Néstor García, 22 car caravan processions, 45, 75–77, 158n18 Carey, James, 57–58 Carmichael, E., 30 Carrasco, Davíd, 60 Caso,Alfonso, 124 Catholicism:All Saints’ Day, 10–11;All Souls’ Day, 10–11, 13–14, 152nn3–4; happy death, 100, 161–162n2; iconography , 60, 117, 156nn8–9; Roman Catholic rituals, 10–11 La Catrina, 27–28, 152n4 Celts, 13, 150n11 cemetery rituals, 16–20, 153–154n59. See also graves, cleaning and decorating of Central America, 16–17. See also specific countries Chárraga, Nancy, 38 Chávez, César, 78 Chicanismo, 167 Chicanos: artists, increasing recognition of, 64, 95–96; artists inspired by Day of the Dead, 129; Chicano Movement , 167–168; cultural pride and celebration of identity, 29, 38–40, 86; danza performances, 46, 56; and Day of the Dead iconography, 39–47; definition of, 149n1, 167; and ethnicity as a flexible construct, 4, 139; and NeoIndigenism , 39; and solidarity with oppressed peoples, 80; and spiritual nationalism, 41; and spread of Day of the Dead celebrations, 3, 5–6, 37–47, 50, 140; women, 156n9. See also Latinos chicha (fermented corn drink), 168 Childs, R., 27 Cinco de Mayo, 155n44 citizenship, cultural, 59 “City of Miracles” (Yañez), 108 civic engagement, 138 civil rights movement, 37–38, 82 Cleveland, OH, 10 colonialism, 43 Coluccio, Felix, 18 Columbus Day, 82 commercialization of Day of the Dead, 115–122, 131–136, 165n20, 165n29 commoditization of Day of the Dead, 7, 115–122, 131–136 communal healing process, 102–103 communication: art as means of, 57–58, 71, 79, 137; political, 1, 5–6, 70–73, 138; public rituals as means of, 57–58, 137. See also ritual communication communitas and leveling of social hierarchies , 61–64 community, imagined, 58–60, 84, 86, 96 community building, 6, 121, 137 copal incense, 12 Covarrubias, Miguel and Rosa, 124 Cruz, Celia, 57 Cruz-Chavez, Macuilxochitl, 46 Cuba, 48 cultural capital, 117–118, 137 cultural citizenship, 59, 122 cultural hybridity, 1 cultural nationalism in Mexico, 28, 30–31 cultural pride, 29, 38–40, 84, 86, 121, 130–131 cultural purity and globalization, 112–113 cultural ritual and political communication , 1 Index 186 cultural solidarity, 73 culture and commerce, 122–131 Dance of Death motifs, 26 Danza Mexi’cayotl, 46 danza (prayer dancing), 46, 56 Day of the Dead Border Pilgrimage, 75–77 Day of the...