Schools Under Surveillance: Cultures of Control in Public Education

Index

Index accountability, 39; coercive, 195; constraints of, 166; and criminalization of social policy, 171; as dominant discourse, 161; educational, 160; high stakes, 166; individual, 180; initiatives for, 44; logics of, 188; as public humiliation for failures, 171; surveillance state and, 159–172; teacher, 161; testing and, 161; trust and, 190 administrators: benefits to, of school resource officer presence, 27–34; use of security equipment rather than conflict resolution programs, 74 adolescents: allowing hyper-male expectations , 150; directionless anger of, 147; disalienation of, 148; displays of male aggression among, 150; effect of media images on, 147; excessive male rage in, 141; hate rants from, 147; identification with level of imaginary worlds, 147; identity crises in, 148; loss of symbolic efficiency for, 147, 148; narcissistic sense of thwarted entitlements, 147; relation between imaginary and symbolic in, 148; school shootings and, 140–154. See also students alienation, 142; Marxian notions of, 149; traditional notions of, 149 Apple, Michael W., 6, 12, 15n7, 175–191 architecture: with clear lines of sight, 145; Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design strategy, 145; designs for surveillance, 145; discipline and, 1; “garrison,” 15n9; panopticon plans, 145; security and, 80 audit culture, 6, 175–191 audits: comparative data use and, 6; culture of, 175–191; current emphasis on, 185; as form of surveillance, 6; performance, 1; proliferation of, 179; reshaping of educational practice and, 12; technology, 12 Ball, Stephen, 159, 162 Barnard, Henry, 58–59 Bauman, Zygmund, 230 Beane, James, 175, 190 Beck, Ulrich, 132, 140 Bentham, Jeremy, 56, 231 Berliner, David, 203, 208n3 Bernstein, Basil, 184 Beslan, Russia, school shootings, 4, 123, 125 Best, Steven, 68 biopower, biopolitical power, 6, 7, 142–143, 149, 153 Bogard,William, 234 Bourdieu, Pierre, 169, 186 Bourne, Randolph, 60 Bracy, Nicole L., 21–35 Bruno, Fernanda, 234 “built” pedagogy, 8, 78 Bush, George W., 133, 169, 195 Callahan, Raymond, 62 Canadian Teachers Federation, 96 253 Index 254 capitalism: break in normality and, 143; destabilizing effects of, 140; excesses of, 133; flexible normality in, 149; late, 142, 143; neoliberal, 167, 168; political hegemony of, 166; public institutions and, 183; structural crisis of, 167, 168; surveillance logic of, 141 Caplan,Aaron, 91 Carneal, Michael, 151 Casella, Ronnie, 8, 11, 22, 73–84 cell phones, 1, 11, 15n3, 33, 43, 81, 90; banning, 216, 225 Chancer, Lynn, 150 Channel One: advertising on, 182; marketing through, 6 charter schools, 84, 163, 165, 166, 187 Chicago: blame for excessive school arrests in, 47; School Patrol Unit in, 42; struggles over centralized control of security, 41–44 Chicago Police Department, 42 Chivers, C. J., 125 Chubb, John, 176 Citizen Schools, 183 Clarke, Roger, 233 climate change, 127, 128, 129 Columbine, school shootings, 3, 15n5, 38, 41, 123, 143–145, 147, 151–153 Comber, Chris, 92 computers: acceptable use policies and, 91; draconian use policies, 93; plagiarism problems with, 90; student reaction to pornography on, 92–93; surveillance through, 87–100 Connolly, Matthew, 133 control: cultures of, 9–10, 55, 56, 190; deterritorialization of, 143; discourse of, 234; mechanisms, 4; power and, 6; product, 184; professional ideologies of, 185; security as, 75; social, 4, 13, 56, 57, 74, 75, 91, 107, 232–235; surveillance and, 6, 15n2 Cornell, D. G., 93–94 Cowen, Deborah E., 115 crime: containment, 3; fear causing, 3; gang-related, 42; identification and prevention goals, 22; interest in individual wrongdoing in, 3; juvenile, 42; preventative measures and, 3; safety officers efforts to find, 43; viewed retrospectively, 3 cultural: capital, 185, 186; conflict, 188; decadence, 143; markets, 186; politics, 159–166; risk, 231–232; selection, 182 culture: audit, 6, 175–191; of coercion, 161; of containment, 162; of control, 4, 9–10, 55, 56, 190; of fragmented identity, 140; of overblocking, 241–242; of permanent crisis, 133 Daley, Richard M., 42 Davis,Andrew, 95 Davis,Angela, 68 Davis, Nanette, 140 de Certeau, Michel, 220–221 decision-support systems, 1 defensible space, 7, 8. See also space Deleuze, Gilles, 143 depression, 140 Devine, John, 3, 29, 49, 56, 59, 73 Diamond, Jared, 127 DigaNET security system, 144 discipline: architecture and, 1; catalyzation of current forms of, 4; of control, 234; to control student dress and mannerisms , 91; delegating responsibility for, 49; enclosure and, 57, 58; exercised by police officers in schools, 11; expansion of, 55; functional sites and, 61–62; lenient, 143; mechanisms of, 1; neoliberal , 160, 185; new formations in, 1; partitioning and, 59–61; power and, 7; pressure to extend use beyond school, 93; racialized, 59, 64...