Diagnosis, Therapy, and Evidence: Conundrums in Modern American Medicine

Notes

199 Notes Chapter 1 – Rhetoric and Reality in Modern American Medicine 1. For a discussion of this development see Gerald N. Grob, The Deadly Truth: A History of Disease in America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002). 2. See Mark Schlesinger, “A Loss of Faith: The Sources of Reduced Political Legitimacy for the American Medical Profession,” Milbank Quarterly 80 (2002): 185–235. 3. Aaron Catlin et al., “National Health Spending in 2006: A Year of Change for Prescription Drugs,” Health Affairs 27 (2008): 14–29. 4. Cathy Schoen et al., “In Chronic Condition: Experiences of Patients with Complex Health Care Needs, in Eight Countries, 2008,” Health Affairs 28 (2009): W1–W16. 5. WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium, “Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Mental Health Surveys,” JAMA 291 (2004): 2581–2590. 6. Ellen Nolte and C. Martin McKee, “Measuring the Health of Nations: Updating an Earlier Analysis,” Health Affairs 27 (2008): 58–71; Cathy Schoen et al., “U.S. Health System Performance: A National Scorecard,” Health Affairs 25 (2006): W457–W475; Cathy Schoen et al., “Toward Higher-Performance Health Systems: Adults’ Health Care Experiences in Seven Countries, 2007,” Health Affairs 26 (2007): W717–W734; Steven A. Schroeder, “We Can Do Better—Improving the Health of the American People,” New England Journal of Medicine 357 (2007): 1221–1228. 7. Kenneth E. Thorpe, David H. Howard, and Katya Galactionova, “Differences in Disease Prevalence as a Source of the U.S.–European Health Care Spending Gap,” Health Affairs 26 (2007): W678–W686. 8. Schroeder, “We Can Do Better,” 1224–1225; David Mechanic, “Population Health: Challenges for Science and Society,” Milbank Quarterly 85 (2007): 533–559; Karen Davis et al., “Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: An International Update on the Comparative Performance of American Health Care,” The Commonwealth Fund, vol. 59 (May 16, 2007); Majid Ezzati et al., “The Reversal of Fortunes: Trends in County Mortality and Cross-County Mortality Disparities in the United States,” PloSMedicine 5 (2008): e66 doi:10.1371; John Komlos and Benjamin E. Lauderdale, “Underperformance in Affluence: The Remarkable Relative Decline in U.S. Heights in the Second Half of the 20th Century,” Social Science Quarterly 88 (2007): 283–305; John Komlos, “Stagnation of Heights among Second-Generation U.S.-Born Army Personnel,” Social Science Quarterly 89 (2008): 445–455. 9. Elizabeth A. McGlynn et al., “The Quality of Health Care Delivered to Adults in the U.S.,” New England Journal of Medicine 348 (2003): 2635–2645 (quote from 2643–2644); Mark A. Schuster, Elizabeth A. McGlynn, and Robert H. Brook, “How Good Is the Quality of Health Care in the U.S.?” Milbank Quarterly 76 (1998): 517–563. 10. Seth W. Glickman et al., “Pay for Performance, Quality of Care, and Outcomes in Acute Myocardial Infarction,” JAMA 297 (2007): 2373–2380. 200 Notes to Pages 6–9 11. Julie Appleby, “The Case of CT Angiography: How Americans View and Embrace New Technology,” Health Affairs 27 (2008): 1515–1521; Laurence C. Baker, Scott W. Atlas, and Christopher C. Afendulis, “Expanded Use of Imaging Technology and the Challenge of Measuring Value,” Health Affairs 27 (2008): 1467–1478; Rita F. Redberg and Judith Walsh, “ Pay Now, Benefits May Follow—The Case of Cardiac Computed Tomographic Angiography,” New England Journal of Medicine 359 (2008): 2309–2311; Julie M. Miller et al., “Diagnostic Performance of Coronary Angiography by 64-Row CT,” New England Journal of Medicine 359 (2008): 2324–2336; Alex Berenson and Reed Abelson, “Weighing the Costs of a CT Scan’s Look Inside the Heart,” New York Times, June 29, 2008; Alexandra Kirkley et al., “A Randomized Trial of Arthroscopic Surgery for Osteoarthritis of the Knee,” New England Journal of Medicine 359 (2008): 1097–1107; Martin Englund et al., “Incidental Meniscal Findings on Knee MRI in Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons,” New England Journal of Medicine 359 (2008): 1108–1115. For a provocative critique of many medical therapies see Norton M. Hadler, Worried Sick: A Prescription for Health in an Overtreated America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008). 12. Stephanie Saul, “Need a Knee Replaced? Check Your Zip Code,” New York Times, June 11, 2007; Elliott S. Fisher et al., “The Implications of Regional Variations in Medicare Spending. Part 1: The Content, Quality, and Accessibility of Care, Part 2: Health Outcomes and Satisfactions with Care,” Annals of Internal Medicine 138 (2003): 273–299. 13. Fisher et al., “Implications of Regional Variations,” 273–299; John E. Wennberg et al., “Extending the P4P...