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255 Index adulticides: first effective, 246n. 57; malathion, 214; research on, 158. See also pesticides Aedes aegypti, 2, 112, 116, 160, 204, 205; control measures for, 156; dengue transmitted by, 162; eradication campaigns, 208; naming of, 7, 225n. 31; resistance of, 211; U.S. eradication program for, 209–213; and WEE virus, 152 Aedes albopictus, dengue transmitted by, 162 Aedes nigromaculis, 178; flight range study of, 185 Aedes sierrensis, 148 Aedes sollicitans, 40, 45, 49, 141, 184, 199, 200; breeding sites of, 118; flight range of, 24–25; salt marsh breeding of, 29 Aedes taeniorhynchus, 49, 184 Aedes vexans, 150, 196 aerial spraying: in California, 176; of DDT, 158, 172–173; of insecticides, 160–161; of larvicides, 118–119 aerosol bombs, DDT, 161 aerosol spray device, first, 161 African Americans: underreporting of, 95–96; in wartime mosquito control, 101, 102 Agricultural and Horticultural Demonstration Train, of California Experiment Station, 60 Agriculture, U.S. Dept. of (USDA): Agricultural Research Service of, 211–213; bulletins of, 14; Bureau of Entomology in, 12; Division of Insects Affecting Man and Animals of, 126 air travel, and insect-borne diseases, 161 Aitken, Thomas, 146, 147, 153 Alabama, mosquito control in, 122 Alameda Mosquito Abatement District, 125 AMCA. See American Mosquito Control Association American Cyanamid Co., 110, 111 American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA), 165, 167, 179, 196 American Mosquito Extermination Society, 42, 45, 50, 52 Anderson Mosquito Abatement District, 105 Anderson Valley, California, malaria epidemic in, 104–105 Anelli, Carol, 211, 212 Anopheles, 31; irrigation and, 62; legislation for, 84; natural habitat of, 110; in North Carolina, 93; species of, 97 Anopheles atropos, 97 Anopheles crucians, 97 Anopheles farauti, 160 Anopheles gambiae, 163, 205–206 Anopheles quadrimaculatus, 97, 98, 100, 128, 160; flight range of, 99 Anopheles umbrosus, 67 anopheline control, 163 anti-malaria campaigns, 94; funding of, 94–95; in North Carolina, 93–94; and racism, 96; in Virginia, 101; during World War II, 154 256 Index anti-malaria demonstration projects, federal funding for, 93 anti-mosquito associations, 29. See also specific associations anti-mosquito efforts: funding of, 43; measures taken, 18; results of, 69; wartime, 99–100, 166 anti-mosquito movement: American, 16; approaches to, 18; in California, 58; cartoon of, 24; changing character of, 221; community cooperation in, 73; debate within, 9, 42, 74, 119–120; goals of, 41; and Great Depression, 123–124; and local health boards, 30, 81; in New Jersey, 72; organization and goals of, 162–163; phases of, 10; press coverage of, 17, 18, 19, 24, 28–29; and real estate, 83; redefinition of, 121; success of, 121; and World War II, 165–166; following World War II, 169, 172, 181 anti-mosquito programs: funding of, 38; in New Jersey, 21–22 anti-yellow fever campaign, 49. See also yellow fever arbovirus: origins of word, 250n. 72; outbreaks, 193 Arkansas, anti-mosquito measures in, 95 Army, U.S., and anti-mosquito work, 98 Army Corps of Engineers, 136 Assembly Bill #28, California’s, 173, 174, 175, 185 Assembly Bill #250, New Jersey’s, 42, 50, 51 Assembly Bill 1540, California’s, 88 Atlantic City, New Jersey, 34 Audubon Society, 135, 138 ”Baby Tooth Survey,” 211 Bacillus sphaericus, 220 Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), 220 Bailey, Stanley, 64, 155 Bakersfield, California, 69 Baltimore, Maryland, anti-mosquito movement in, 89–90 Banana River Naval Air Station, 161 Barber, Marshall, 118, 206 Barr, Ralph, 196 Behle, William, 131–132 Behrman, Martin, 49, 116–117 Beidler, John, 200, 217 Belleville, Illinois, anti-mosquito service clubs of, 116 Benedict, A. C., 73, 78 Berkeley, University of California, mosquito control classes at, 37 Bertholf, J. H., 182 Biological Survey, U.S., 136, 137 birds: and mosquito control, 141; as reservoir for viruses, 153 Bishop, Edward, 128 Bishopp, Fred, 131, 136, 143, 152, 164, 203, 217; as assistant chief of Bureau of Entomology, 157; CCC pest mosquito control supported by, 132; as chief of USDA’s Division of Insects Affecting Man and Animals, 126; and CWA pest mosquito project, 129, 130; in mosquito control debate, 139, 140, 141, 142; and W. Reeves’s dissertation, 148–149, 150 Blue, Rupert, 93 “bog born babies,” 25, 34, 37 Bohart, George “Ned,” 146 Boyd, Mark, 100, 145, 156, 183 Bradley, George, 130, 150 Bradley, William, 73 Brakeley, Turner, 25, 74, 79 Brazil, Anopheles gambiae in, 163 “break bone fever.” See dengue fever Brehme, Hermann, 26, 28, 45, 53, 55, 76, 77, 83; drainage experiments of, 33; and Staten Island survey, 46, 47; unpaid work of, 72 Brevard...

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