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193 Adams, Myron, 80 Adams, Revels A., 121–122, 175n23–25; The Social Dance, 121 Addams, Jane, 4, 10, 19, 65, 77, 80, 87, 88–92, 102, 120, 135, 143: and adolescent recreation, 19, 22, 122–123, 175n22; attitudes toward consumer capitalism , 95–96, 121; attitudes toward industrialization, 91, 95; attitudes toward work, 96, 97; and idealization of immigrant parents, 89; and the Labor Museum, 77–78; and leftist politics, 163n6; reconciling immigrant parents and children, 91, 97, 174n20; Twenty Years at Hull-House, 4, 135; visit to London, 94 Adler, Felix, 38, 39, 163n6, 163n10 adolescence: author’s own, 1, 156, 157n1, 174n18; and bourgeois conformity, 27, 87; and commercialized leisure, 24; comparisons between nineteenth- and twentieth-century ideas of, 4, 80; consistencies in representations of over time, 12, 27; and consumerism, 2; current assumptions about, 6; dangers of, 17; definitions of, 1, 4, 8; dissemination of ideas about, 132, 151; early nineteenthcentury representations of, 2; emergence of, 6, 7, 13, 23, 24, 78; equated with generational conflict, 2, 4; fashion and, 2; historians of, 3; and industrialization, 7; and masculinity, 12; as mainstream phenomenon , 150, 151, 152; as “neo-atavistic ,” 16; as phenomenon of modernity, 80; representation in popular culture, 1; in Samoa, 145; and the sapping of “vital forces” by urban life, 18; as separate from adulthood, 6, 33, 149; as separate from childhood, 6, 33, 149; as separate from “youth,” 5, 8; and sexuality, 24, 152; as state of (partial) independence, 33; theories of emergence, 3; and urbanization , 7 Adolescence. See under Hall, G. Stanley adolescent boys and men, 12, 18; and independence , 97, 118; middle-class, 26–27; as “overcivilized,” 18; and sex segregation , 26–27 adolescent girls and women, 5, 11; and access to commercialized leisure, 11; under adult surveillance, 79; as consumers, 88, 154, 155, 166n22; and dance halls, 124–125; and dating, 98; as department store workers, 19; as earning less than their male counterparts, 116–117, 167n22, 173n16; and enthusiasm for dancing, 105, 128; and fashion, 24, 25, 70, 72, 85, 155, 174n18; and glamour, 23, 85; and heterosociality, 24; as “incorrigible ,” 98, 99; and independence, 97, 118; leisure activities, 24; and premarital pregnancy , 98; seeking fun, 21; and sexual freedom, 97, 98; as unmarried, 24; vulnerability of, 89; as wage-earners, 24, 99; as working-class, 12 adolescents: as an age cohort, 1, 3, 7, 9, 153, 169n8; age range of, 8; and allowances, 153, 154–155; AngloAmerican , 65, 75, 78, 117, 142; and assimilation, 10, 170n15; and bohemians , 11, 27, 135; as bridge between U.S. culture and immigrant parents, 78; as children of immigrants, 5, 12, 14, 32, 78, 87; class differences among, 26, 152, 154–155; and commercialized leisure, 4, 5, 8, 10, 64; concerns about, 22; as consumers , 5, 7, 33, 64, 75, 153, 155; creating a new identity, 78, 79, 81–82, 113; as damaged by modernity, 18; and dancing, 10, 104, 113, 120; Index Index 194 adolescents (continued) demographics of, 13; as different from immigrant parents, 12, 78, 83; and fashion , 25, 68; and heterosociality, 153; and high school enrollment, 167n25; and independence, 87–88, 97, 125, 149, 151, 153, 155, 169n12, 171n27; as individualists, 86–87; and the Internet, 156; and leftism, 12, 25, 27, 169n12; and marriage, 171n27, 173n10; middle-class, 118, 129, 130, 155; parallels and differences between Samoan and U.S. children of immigrants, 148–150, 151; and parental control, 25–26, 75, 118, 129, 151, 153, 171n27, 179n10; as passive, 3, 26; and popular/mass culture, 5, 12, 79, 86; as a “problem,” 78; Samoan, 148–150; seeking fun, 125; selfidenti fication as a group, 12; and sexual experimentation, 4, 5, 79, 125, 151; and union activism, 27; as urban, 10; and use of English, 10; as victims of physical and emotional change, 17; as wage-earners, 23, 32, 33, 84–85, 97, 98, 152; as workers, 8, 32, 86; as working class, 5, 11; as zoot suiters, 169n8 African Americans, 27–28, 126, 152, 161n17; and aesthetics, 153; and cool, 153; and cultural influence, 172n5 age formation, 6 age-of-consent laws, 98 Alcorn, James, 175n23 allowances, 154–155; “commercializing the home,” 179n2; fostering independence, 155, 180n2; preventing juvenile delinquency , 154 Alpers, Svetlana, 93 American child, 32, 39; as opposed to “working child,” 40–41, 64 Americanization, 28, 79, 80, 81, 88, 102; and language, 82; meanings of, 78 anarchism, 27, 178n8 anarchists, 11 Anderson, Margaret, 138, 139 Antin, Mary, 28, 80, 81, 170n15; The...

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