Black Robes, White Coats: The Puzzle of Judicial Policymaking and Scientific Evidence

Index

191 acquittal, 74 admissibility, 1, 139–140, 162–163; amici briefs, 58–60, 97–98, 130–131; appellant status, 55, 126–128; attitudinal factors, 49–54, 64–66, 91–94, 104, 122–126; attorney expertise, 55–56; battered woman syndrome, 105–133; chronology, 40–41, 64, 66, 79, 86, 89, 97, 109, 133, 149, 153; DNA, timing of, 41, 43–45; executive branch policy influence, 151–153; expert testimony, 56–58, 97, 128–129; federalism, 155–156; forensic DNA, 75; institutional and organizational support, 54–64, 65–67, 95–99, 126–132, 136–137, 161; judicial education influence, 153–155; legal factors, 45–49, 64–66, 119–122, 135; legal standards, 1, 5, 14, 18–19; media influence, 158–161; middle ground approach, see middle ground approach; multivariate analysis, 64–66, 99–101; partisanship, 49–54, 92–94, 103, 122–125, 135–136; patterns of, 156–158; policy advocates, 58–60, 97–98, 130–131; political factors, 54–64, 126–132; polygraphs, 68, 71, 73–82; popular culture influence, 159–161; precedent , 88; rape trauma syndrome, 105–133; regionalism, 52–54, 66, 94–95, 125–126, 135–136, 145; the role of legal facts, 121; syndrome evidence, 105–133; third-party reports, 98–99, 131–132; threshold of, 31–34. See also legislative admissibility Advanced Science and Technology Adjudication Resource Center (ASTAR), 151, 154. See also Einstein Institute for Science, Health, and the Courts (EINSHAC) Advancing Justice Through DNA Technology, 39, 152–153 advocates, see policy advocates Alabama Supreme Court, 48, 50 Alaska Supreme Court, 148 Allen, David W., 12 American Civil Liberties Union, 59–60, 97–98 American Judges Association, 154 American Polygraphers Association (APA), 97 American Prosecutors Research Institute, 152 American Psychological Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.) (DSMIII), 131–132 amicus curiae, 6, 12, 54, 58–60, 97–98, 130–131, 133, 137, 140, 149 anxiety, 69, 106 appellant status, 25–26, 35, 54–55, 126–128, 138 appellate courts, 8 appellate jurisdiction, 144 Appellate Defense Office (Michigan), 97 Arizona Supreme Court, 1–2, 4, 64, 114 Arizona v. Bible, 858 P.2d 1152, 2 Arkansas Supreme Court, 45, 82 Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (Michigan), 97 Atkins, Burton M., 11 attitudinal model, 20–23, 31–35, 52–53, 64, 108, 132, 138–139 attorney general, 58, 144, 147. See also prosecution I N D E X Attorney General for Division of Criminal Justice (New York), 59 Attorney General of Colorado, 59 Attorney General of Minnesota, 59 Attorney General of Ohio, 59 Attorney General of Washington, 59 attorneys, 35, 54–55; expertise, 55–56. See also defense; prosecution Ballard v. Superior Court, 410 P.2d 838 (Cal. 1966), 99 ballistics, 13 Bander, Yigal, 19 banding patterns, 38, 74 band-shifting analysis, 43 battered woman syndrome, 9, 23, 105–133, 157; admissibility, 5, 109–113; definition of, 107–108, expert testimony, 128–129; recantations, 107; as therapeutic tool, 108. See also syndrome evidence battle of the experts, 97, 129 Baum, Lawrence, 11, 20, 26, 156 Bennett, Colin J., 26 bite-mark analysis, 13 black robes, 1–2, 4, 9–11, 43, 82, 114, 140–142 blood typing, 9 bounded rationality, 15 Brace, Paul R., 11, 17–18, 20–21, 27 Brisbin, Richard A., 26–27, 29, 155 Burgess, Ann, 105–106 Bush, George W., 39, 153. See also President of the United States Caldiera, Larry, 11, 22, 26–27, 155 Caldwell v. State, 393 S.E.2d 436, 441 (1990), 46 California Public Defenders Association, 59 California Public Defenders Office, 130 California Supreme Court, 63, 114, 130 California Women Lawyers, 130–131 Canon, Bradley C., 12, 20, 26–27, 86, 115, 156 capital cases, 11, 25, 55, 75. See also death penalty Carmen, Ira H., 15, 141 Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology , and Government for a Changing World, 141 Carp, Robert A., 15, 21–22, 24 Caudill, David S., 155, 161 ceiling principle, 61 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 70 child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome, 138, 156 clearance, 31–34 Cohen, Michael, 146 cognition, 40, 91, 118 cognitive decision making, 126, 128 cognitive framing and evaluation, 16, 30, 66, 73, 102, 108, 119, 136, 139, 158 cognitive processing, 138–139 cognitive psychology, 15–16, 99; persuasion , 56–58 cognitive satisfaction, 102, 122 Cole, Simon, 159–160 Colorado Supreme Court, 45, 84, 114 common law, 8, 18 Commonwealth v. Dillon, 598 A.2d 963, 971 (Penn. 1991), 113 Connecticut Supreme Court, 43, 52, 84–85, 114 consensual intercourse, 106...