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Notes
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249 This book relies on many sources, most notably a series of interviews I conducted over the course of nearly four years, many in person, some by phone, several augmented by the occasional e-mail. Unless otherwise credited, quotations are drawn from these interviews. Perhaps two dozen people, including many baristas and a few industry insiders, didn’t want me to use their names because they feared reprisals from the company or didn’t want to alienate Howard Schultz. Among the Starbucks officers and employees I interviewed were Jim Alling, David Angel, Paula Boggs, Brantley Browning, Gregg Clark, Jessie Cuevas, Jim Donald, Tawana Green, Willard “Dub” Hay, Wanda Herndon, Denoris Hill, Vernon Jones, Taryn Krajcer, Audrey Lincoff, Ken Lombard, Martha Looney, Elaine McClelland, Scott McMartin, Sue Mecklenburg, Dave Olsen, Lori Otto, David Pace, Barbara Schmid Adamczyk, Howard Schultz, Marvin Speller, Sandra Taylor, Kokeb Teferi, Peter Torribiarte, Tom Walters, and Lara Wyss. Many are no longer with the company. Other interviews included Betty Hannstein Adams, Jeff Alexander, Jeff Angell, Medea Benjamin, Jeronimo Bollen, Gordon Bowker, Barbara Briggs, Konrad Brits, William Bryski, John Buchanan, Bo Burlingham, Liz Butler, Leslie Capetta, John Cavanagh, Steve Coats, Scott Coil, Aron Cramer, Alix Davidson, Mike Dolan, Shari Donaldson, Kimberly Easson, Beatrice Edwards, Fernando Fahsen, Mark Flemming, Nick Francis, Kenny Fried, Marshall Ganz, Paul Garver, Robert Goodier, Daniel Gross, Peter Guiliano, Ulrich Gurtner, Felipe Guzmán, Maria Guzmán, Shayna Harris, David Heilbrunn, Ricardo Hernandez, Ted Howes, Earvin “Magic” Johnson, Keith Kaboly, Paul Katzeff, Charlie Kernaghan, Kate Knorr, Frances Kunreuther, Ron Layton, Thea Lee, Gerardo Alberto De León, Ted Lingle, Adolfo Lizano, Alyce Lomax, Kelle Louaillier, Kenneth Vincenzo McCracken, Christopher Mellgren, Getachew Mengistie, Tadesse Meskela, Adolfo Monterroso, Kirsten Muller, Kathryn Mulvey, Rodolfo Murillo Bogantes, John Mutchka, Karen Nussbaum, Notes Ray Oldenburg, Leif Pedersen, Bob Perillo, Seth Petchers, Vijay Prashad, Jim Reynolds, Paul Rice, Joel Rogers, Juan Gerardo Arturo Roman, John Sage, Sam Salkin, the Sanchez family, Sue Schurman, Amy Scoczkas, Andy Stern, John Talbot, and Rob Walker. Starbucks was extremely cooperative, even though I was candid about my concerns and my political biases. Often, especially at headquarters, a public relations staff member sat in on the interviews. Starbucks discourages personnel from talking with the media without oversight or at least permission from headquarters. I conducted three interviews with Howard Schultz and two each with Medea Benjamin of Global Exchange and Andy Stern at SEIU. All were generous with their time and insights. Starbucks provides a great deal of written information about the company, much of it published on its website (www.starbucks.com). This includes annual reports and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports, which are readily available. Where I mention figures about the company without specific attribution, they generally come from these sources. I did a lot of coffee drinking and observing at Starbucks stores around the United States and in a few foreign ones as well, not to mention at independent coffeehouses and competing chains. In some, I officially interviewed people ; at others, I simply chatted with staff and customers and watched the goings-on. I paid roughly six visits to Starbucks headquarters in Seattle and took two tours of the Kent roasting plant. A few books were particularly helpful. An invaluable start was Howard Schultz’s own book, written with Dori Jones Yang, Pour Your Heart Into It: How Starbucks Built a Company One Cup at a Time (New York: Hyperion, 1997). I relied on Mark Pendergrast’s Common Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World (New York: Basic Books, 1999), a thorough and thoroughly engaging look at coffee’s complex history. The Coffee Book, by Nina Luttinger and Gregory Dicum (New York: New Press, 2006), was an accessible primer. Daniel Wilkinson’s Silence on the Mountain: Stories of Terror, Betrayal, and Forgetting in Guatemala (Durham: Duke University Press, 2004) helped me interpret my Central American visits and was an unanticipated inspiration. Finally, and inevitably, I owe a debt to the World Wide Web and Google, through which I had access to myriad sources. I am a big fan of Google Alerts, which speeded media mentions of Starbucks to my inbox, and of TimesSelect, which gave me access to all articles about Starbucks that had ever appeared in the New York Times. In addition, the Internet is buzzing with references to Starbucks, whether you want to see a dozen amateurs singing “Taylor the Latte Boy” on YouTube or peruse pictures of celebrities carrying Starbucks cups. There is also much to...