Trees, Truffles, and Beasts: How Forests Function

Index

Index Figures in the text are designated by fig., color plates by pl. Aboriginal people, 45, 128; burning regimes of, 125, 126, 130–132; and forest fire, 122–123, 124 acacias: functional role of, 20; nitrogen fixation by, 42. See also black wattle; silver wattle actinomycetes, 38, 39, 42 adaptability: and habitat, 157; and space, 158; of species, 173 Agaricus campestris, 94 agile antechinus, 34, 149, 198–199, 217, 218 fig., 219 fig., 221, pl. 4 alders, 42. See also red alder algae, in evolution of fungi, 52 algal-fungus association, 55 Allen, Michael, 67 alpine ash, 148, 150 Alps, Australian, landscape patterns of, 162–163 aluminum, 95 amino acids, in fungi, 95 ammonium, formation of, 40 amphibians: in decomposition process, 56; and habitat dynamics, 156 Andebbia pachythrix, 83 animal-truffle interdependence, 75 Antarctica, 60 antechinus: agile, 34, 149, 198–199, 217, 218 fig., 219 fig., 221, pl. 4; dusky, 199, 217, 218 fig., 219 fig., 221 Anthracobia, 135, 153, pl. 22 ants: Australian carpenter, 65; and propagation of spores, 65 arboreal ringtail possum, 33 arbuscules: of fungi, 53; of vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizae, 53, pl. 28 Archaeospora, 53 Armillaria ostoyae, 58, pl. 18 arthropods, in autogenic succession, 154 ascomycetes, 81 ash. See alpine ash; blueberry ash Astraeus hygrometricus, 96 Atkinson, James, 130 “atomic interchange,” 147 Australia: colonialism in, 170; diversification of organisms in, 60; dung beetles introduced to, 44; ecosystems of, 2, 69; exotic plantation forestry in, 229; exotic species introduced to, 46; fires in southeastern, 121–134; fragmentation of habitat in, 170–173; mycophagous mammals of, 191 table; partitioning food in, 221; partitioning habitat in, 213, 214 fig.–216 fig., 217; southeastern forests of, 3 fig.; temporal segregation in, 221, 223 Australian Alps, landscape patterns of, 162–163 Australian eucalypt forests, autogenic succession in, 148–152. See also eucalypt forests Australian Forestry (journal), 122 Australian glaciation, 162 Azospirillum, 41–42 backup systems, for forests, 223 bacteria: actinomycetes, 38, 39, 42; in autogenic succession, 150; cyanobacteria , 40–41; nitrogen-fixing, 152, 203; in soil, 38, 39 badgers, 156 bald eagle, 173 bandicoots, 88, 223; eastern barred, 47; long-nosed, 27, 92 fig., 192, 207, 208 fig., 209, 213, 215 fig., 216 fig.; southern brown, 192–193, 213, 215 fig., 216 fig. Banks, John, 131 R4432.indb 267 R4432.indb 267 9/25/07 11:58:52 AM 9/25/07 11:58:52 AM 268 Index barking owls, 89, pl. 15 Basidiomycetes, 62, 81, 83 bats, 155; chocolate wattle, 25; forest habitats for, 11; Gould’s long-eared, 27; Gould’s wattle, 25; long-eared, 27 bears, 15, 86; black, 26, 86, 189–190, 210 fig., 211 fig.; in decomposition process , 56 Berkeley, Rev. Miles, 141 bettongs, 82–84, 89–90, 155; brush-tailed, 46, 47 fig., 81, 82–83; northern, 81, 83–84; Tasmanian, 47, 81, 83–84, 89 bigleaf maple, 175 billy-button, 151 biological capital, 228–232 biological diversity, 6, 14, 223 biophysical cycles, 5, 145 birds, 155; Australian, 238; forest habitats for, 11; and habitat dynamics, 156; nesting cavities for, 44–45; North American , 235. See also specific birds Biscuit Fire, 118, 120, 251n. 15 bismethyl thiomethane, 69 black bear, 26, 86, 189–190, 210 fig., 211 fig. black rat, 151–152 black wallaby, 197–198, pl. 6 black wattle, 152 blueberry ash: functions of, 30; range of, 29; structure of, 29–30 Boletus edulis, 94 boring grubs, 29 boron, 95 Bowman, David, 124 box-ironbark, of southeastern Australia, 171–172 boxthorn, in autogenic succession, 151 Brindabella Range, 17, 131 broad-toothed rat, 194 brown stringybark, 190 brown thornbill, 30, 152 Bruns, Tom, 64 brush-tailed bettong, 46, 47 fig., 81, 82–83 brushtail possum, 221, 223 burn area, pl. 42; after forest fire, 116; and gopher population, 183 burrowers, 156 burrowing reptiles, and propagation of spores, 65 bush rat, 27, 84–85, 110, 149, 217, 218 fig., 219 fig., 221, 223, pl. 3 bushy-tailed woodrat, 184–185, 217, 220 fig. Byadbo fires, 134, 137, 148; fungi surviving , 135 calcium, 94 California red-backed vole, 76–77, 138, 185–186, 217, 220 fig. campfires, in Australia, 123 canopy, nitrogen fixers in, 41 carbohydrates, in fungi, 94–96 carbon, and soil, 35 carbon dioxide, in forests ecosystems, 7, 241n. 6 carnivores, as opportunistic mycophagists , 87 carpenter ants, Australian, 45 Cascade Mountains: forest fires in, 119; forest/meadow interface in, 182, 182 fig.; forests of, 15; mycophagists of, 175– 190; mycophagous mammals of, 176 table; Ponderosa pine forests of, 19 fig.; and rainfall, 17; red-backed voles in...