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249 NOTES Abbreviations used in the notes Administrative Minutes of the Administrative Committee Committee Minutes of Newark Beth Israel Hospital, NBIH Papers at Jewish Historical Society of MetroWest (JHSMW) Annual Meeting Minutes of the Annual Meeting of the Newark Minutes Beth Israel Hospital, NBIH Papers at JHSMW Annual Report Annual Report of the Newark Beth Israel Hospital (various years), NBIH Papers at JHSMW Board Minutes Minutes of the Board of Directors of Newark Beth Israel Hospital, NBIH Papers at JHSMW Board of Trustees Minutes of the Board of Trustees of Newark Minutes Beth Israel Hospital, NBIH Papers at JHSMW JHSMW Jewish Historical Society MetroWest, Alex Aidekman Family Jewish Community Campus, Whippany, N.J. Journal Journal of Newark Beth Israel Hospital Lazaron Papers Rabbi Morris Lazaron Papers, American Jewish Archives, Cincinnati, Ohio Maternity Auxiliary Minutes of the Auxiliary of the Newark Maternity Minutes Department of the Beth Israel Hospital, 1930–1939, NBIH Papers at JHSMW Medical Staff Minutes Minutes of the Executive Committee of the Medical Staff, 1901–1918, Box Parsonnet Papers, JHSMW Newark Beth Israel Hospital Papers, JHSMW News Newark Evening News Official Ledger Official Ledger of the Medical Staff of the Newark Beth Israel Hospital, held by the Parsonnet family UMDNJ Archives University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Archives, Newark Introduction 1. “Salutatory,” Modern Hospital 1 (September 1913): 32. 2. Samuel S. Kottek, “The Hospital in Jewish History,” Review of Infectious Diseases 3 (July/August 1981): 636–639. 3. The single most comprehensive volume on the evolution of the hospital in the United States is Charles E. Rosenberg, The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America’s Hospital System (New York: Basic Books, 1987), 4. Also, for the gradual removal of the mentally ill from almshouses to state institutions, see Gerald N. Grob, Mental Illness and American Society, 1875–1940 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983), 76. For the twentieth century, see Rosemary Stevens, American Hospitals in the Twentieth Century (New York: Basic Books, 1989). 4. In addition to Rosenberg’s Care of Strangers, two volumes that describe the hospital as a charitable institution that cared for the impoverished, but also often served as a venue for the dying who were bereft of families are Morris J. Vogel, The Invention of the Modern Hospital: Boston, 1870–1930 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980); and David Rosner, A Once Charitable Enterprise: Hospitals and Health Care in Brooklyn and New York, 1885–1915 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982). 5. A brief discussion of this broader history of religious and ethnic hospitals can be found in Alan M. Kraut, Silent Travelers: Germs, Genes, and the “Immigrant Menace” (New York: Basic Books, 1994), 43–49, 197–210. 6. An overview of the Jewish hospital in the United States is Ethan Bridge, The Rise and Development of the Jewish Hospital in America (Rabbinical thesis, Hebrew Union College, 1985). There have been a number of individual hospital studies. Two notable published volumes are Dorothy Levenson, Montefiore: The Hospital as Social Instrument, 1884–1984 (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1984); and Arthur J. Linenthal, First a Dream: The History of Boston’s Jewish Hospitals, 1896 to 1928 (Boston: Beth Israel Hospital in association with the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, 1990). 7. Bridge, “Rise and Development,” 18. 8. Jews’ Hospital of the City of New York, Act of Incorporation and By-Laws, 1852. 9. Richard C. Cabot, Social Service and the Art of Healing, 2nd ed. (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1931), 4–5. 10. Linenthal, History of Boston’s Jewish Hospitals, 20. 11. John T. Cunningham, Newark, rev. ed. (Newark: New Jersey Historical Society, 1988), 8–27. 12. William B. Helmreich, The Enduring Community: The Jews of Newark and MetroWest (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1999), 8–9, 12–13. 13. Ibid., 14–16. 14. Ibid., 17. 15. Nathan Kussy, “Early History of the Jews of Newark,” in The Jewish Community Blue Book of Newark (Newark: Jewish Community Blue Book, 1925), 30–31. 16. Helmreich, The Enduring Community, 20–22. 17. Benjamin Kluger, “Growing Up in Newark,” [Newark] Jewish News, September 8, 1977. 250 Notes to Pages 1–8 [54.145.82.104] Project MUSE (2024-03-29 06:36 GMT) 18. August Hoenack, quoted in “Hill-Burton after 20 Years: The Men, the Money, the 360,000 Beds,” Modern Hospital 107 (August 1966): 99. CHAPTER 1 “Trouble at the Betch Israel Hospital Association” 1. “Seven Important Phases of Newark’s Development Told,” Newark Evening News, October 16, 1907 (hereinafter...