Beasts of the Earth: Animals, Humans, and Disease

Index

= 1 7 5 abortions, spontaneous (miscarriages): in animals, 28, 78, 83, 89, 106; in humans, 85, 90, 106 advanced meat recovery systems, 110, 111 African pouch rats, 92, 95–96 agribusiness, 97–98, 103–107, 109–110, 112, 121, 123. See also advanced meat recovery systems; fish: fish farming and influenza agriculture: development of, 33–34, 48, 139, 144; effects of changing practices, 131. See also agribusiness; grains, grasses, cereals; plants AIDS/HIV infection: as a blood-borne illness, 126–127, 129; as a retrovirus, 21–22, 125–126; concurrent with other illnesses, 17–18t, 18, 47, 78, 79, 85–86; effects on the immune system, 9, 15, 22, 47, 85; epidemic nature, 126–127; infection rates, 1, 127; lethal potential, 5–7; molecular studies, 126; mortality rates, 80, 85, 126–127; pet ownership in patients, 75; psychiatric symptoms in patients with toxoplasmosis, 86; recent emergence, 11, 22, 126, 134; relationship to simian viruses, 125–126; transmission, 1, 6f, 7, 11, 125–127, 129; viral mutations, 6f, 127 air travel and infection transmission, 113–114, 127, 128–129 airborne transmission of infection, 6f, 39, 49, 129; anthrax, 28, 30; Chlamydia psittaci, 88; glanders, 30; hantavirus, 7, 67; lymphocytic choriomeningitis, 89; plague, 65; Q fever, 30; SARS, 113, 128; Toxoplasma gondii, 83; tularemia, 30 Akabane virus, 124 allergies and exposure to animals: benefits, 77; risks, 77, 88, 89 alligators as exotic pets, 92, 93 amphibians, 15, 90, 133 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), 135 animal bites: as an example of direct transmission of infection, 6f, 7; cats, 77–78, 82; dogs, 7, 39, 77–78, 80; monkeys, 16, 126; rabies, 6f, 80, 94 animal domestication. See domestication of animals animal feed, contaminated wastes in, 110. See also fish: fish farming and influenza animal-human relationship, 25–27, 33, 38–39, 52, 78. See also bestiality; domestication of animals; pet keeping: increasing owner-pet intimacy animals: as transportation, 57, 139–140; bones as tools, 25, 36; importance in trade, 56–57; in ancient art, 26–27, 38, 39, 52, 58, 139; in creation myths, 25; number of species, 2; surveillance of diseases affecting, 134, 135; work done by, 35, 37, 38, 68, 75, 140. See also animal-human relationship; clothing, animal sources of; domestication of animals; meat; milk; specific animals anthrax, 6f, 27, 28, 30, 63, 130 antibiotics, 134; against plague, 65, 66, 83; against other microbes, 47, 78, 80, 82, 85, 89, 118; effects on host’s immune system, 15; in animal feed, 100; resistance to, 10, 47, 66, 100 antibodies, 9, 81, 82, 84, 89, 115–116, 119 APHIS (Animal and Plant Inspection Service), 135 aquaculture. See fish: fish farming and influenza aquatic birds. See ducks archeological findings, 24, 58, 139, 140. See also art: ancient art; cave art Index The notation 6f refers to Figure 1-1 on page 6; 17–18t refers to Table 2.1 on pages 17–18 R3186.indb 175 R3186.indb 175 11/3/04 6:45:10 AM 11/3/04 6:45:10 AM 1 7 6 = I n d e x arenaviruses, 89 Argentine hemorrhagic fever, 131 Armed Forces Intelligence Center, 135 art, animals depicted in: ancient art, 38, 39, 52, 58, 139; paintings, 72. See also cave art arthritis, 78, 87, 89, 100, 106, 132. See also osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis asthma, 77, 88 aurochs. See cattle Australopithecus afarensis, 23 autism, 76 autopsies, 45, 64, 136–137 avian influenza. See bird flu baboons, 17–18t, 23, 124, 126 bacteria: as ancient microbes, 2–3, 4, 14–15, 39, 124; as fermenting agents, 34; as microparasites, 2; beneficial bacteria, 15; hardiness, 2; integration into the human genome, 3; nucleic acid sequencing, 12–13; number of species, 2, 3, 133; percentage of zoonoses caused by, 12; rate of reproduction, 13; relationship to protozoa and viruses, 3–4; self-preservation, 5; transmission, 8, 49, 57; virulence, 9. See also specific bacteria “Baghdad Boil,” 79 bats, 11, 41, 80, 94 bears, 25, 27, 92, 132, 137 beaver, 25, 94 beef and foodborne illnesses, 6f, 7, 27, 84, 105, 107–108, 110. See also bovine spongiform encephalopathy; Creutzfeld-Jakob disease Belyaev, D.K., 35 bestiality, 39 Biddiss, Michael, 143 bioterrorism/biowarfare: surveillance efforts , 30, 135; possible agents: anthrax, 28, 30, 130; brucellosis, 28, 30, 130; Ebola virus, 130; glanders, 30–32, 130; Lassa fever virus, 130; plague, 65, 66; Q fever, 28, 30, 130; smallpox, 41, 42, 130; tularemia, 29, 30, 130 bipolar disorder and Toxoplasma...