Beasts of the Earth: Animals, Humans, and Disease

Notes

= 1 4 5 Notes CHAPTER 1. The Smallest Passengers on Noah’s Ark 1. L. K. Altman, “Patient May Have Transmitted Monkeypox,” New York Times, June 13, 2003; “An Ounce Of Prevention: Some Early Lessons and Legacies of SARS,” Economist , June 7, 2003, 79; ProMED-mail, “West Nile Virus, Human: USA (South Carolina ),” June 15, 2003, accessed at http://www.promedmail.org; ProMED-mail, “West Nile Virus Update 2003: USA,” June 13, 2003; ProMED-mail, “Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: USA,” June 2, 2003; “Notifiable Diseases/Deaths in Selected Cities Weekly Information,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 52 (2003): 551–559; D. G. McNeil Jr., “Researchers Have New Theory on Origin of AIDS Virus,” New York Times, June 13, 2003; S. Blakeslee, “Mad Cows, Sane Cats: Making Sense of the ‘Species Barrier,’” New York Times, June 3, 2003; R. Stein, “Infections Now More Widespread: Animals Passing Them to Humans,” Washington Post, June 15, 2003. 2. Lynn Margulis and Karlene V. Schwartz, Five Kingdoms: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth (New York: W. H. Freeman, 2001), 208. 3. Stephen Jay Gould, Foreword, in Margulis and Schwartz, Five Kingdoms. 4. Rita Colwell, quoted in Laurie Garrett, The Coming Plague (New York: Penguin, 1994), 561. 5. K. Sawyer, “Oldest Living Bacteria Are Revived,” Washington Post, October 19, 2000. 6. G. L. Simon and S. L. Gorbach, “Intestinal Flora in Health and Disease,” Gastroenterology 86 (1984): 174–193; M. N. Swartz, “Human Diseases Caused by Foodborne Pathogens of Animal Origin,” Human Disease and Foodborne Pathogens 34 (supp. 3) (2002): S111–S122. 7. F. Guarner and J.-R. Malagelada, “Gut Flora in Health and Disease,” Lancet 360 (2003): 512–519. 8. Tony McMichael, Human Frontiers, Environments, and Disease (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 376n11. 9. P. A. Mackowiak, “The Normal Microbial Flora,” New England Journal of Medicine 307 (1982): 83–93. 10. J. O. Andersson, W. F. Doolittle, and C. L. Nesbø, “Are There Bugs in Our Genome?” Science 292 (2001): 1848–1850. 11. Robin Marantz Henig, A Dancing Matrix: How Science Confronts Emerging Viruses (New York: Vintage Books, 1994), 76; A. J. Nahmias and D. C. Reanney, “The Evolution of Viruses,” Annual Reviews in Ecology and Systematics 8 (1977): 29–49. 12. Lewis Thomas, The Lives of a Cell (New York: Penguin, 1978), 5. 13. Mark Twain, Letters from the Earth (New York: Harper and Row, 1962), letter 7. 14. L. D. Martin, “Earth History, Disease, and the Evolution of Primates,” in Charles Greenblatt and Mark Spigelman, eds., Emerging Pathogens (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 13–24. 15. Hans Zinsser, Rats, Lice, and History (1934; repr. Boston: Little, Brown, 1963), 57. R3186.indb 145 R3186.indb 145 11/3/04 6:44:51 AM 11/3/04 6:44:51 AM 16. Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs, and Steel (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), 209. 17. Arno Karlen, Man and Microbes: Disease and Plagues in History and Modern Times (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 16, 18. 18. Paul W. Ewald, “Evolution and Ancient Diseases: the Roles Of Genes, Germs, and Transmission Modes,” in Charles Greenblatt and Mark Spigelman, eds., Emerging Pathogens (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 117–124. For a complete discussion of this topic, see Paul W. Ewald, Evolution of Infectious Disease (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994). 19. Richard Fiennes, Man, Nature, and Disease (New York: Signet, 1964), 91. 20. M. Höcker and P. Hohenberger, “Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors: One Part of a Big Picture,” Lancet 362 (2003): 1231–1233. 21. R. Bellamy, C. Ruwende, T. Corrah et al., “Variations in the NRAMP1 Gene and Susceptibility to Tuberculosis in West Africans,” New England Journal of Medicine 338 (1998):640–644;R.J.Wilkinson,M.Llewelyn,Z.Toossiet al.,“InfluenceofVitaminD Deficiency and Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms on Tuberculosis among Gujarati Asians in West London: A Case-Control Study,” Lancet 355 (2000): 618–621. 22. E. Pennisi, “Close Encounters: Good, Bad, and Ugly,” Science 290 (2000): 1491– 1493. 23. Fiennes, Man, Nature and Disease, 88. 24. W. Plowright, “The Effects of Rinderpest and Rinderpest Control on Wildlife in Africa ,” Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 50 (1982): 1–28. 25. A. Dobson and J. Foufopoulos, “Emerging Infectious Pathogens of Wildlife,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 356 (2001): 1001– 1012. 26. C. D. Harvell, K. Kim, J. M. Burkholder et al., “Emerging Marine Diseases: Climate Links and Anthropogenic Factors,” Science 285 (1999): 1505–1510. 27. R. Stone, “Canine Virus Blamed...