The Death of a Disease: A History of the Eradication of Poliomyelitis

Index

157 Index AFP (Acute Flaccid Paralysis), 7– 9, 131 Albrecht, Paul, 98 Aligarh (India), 107–109, 113, 130 antibodies, 4, 28, 49–50, 50–51, 67–68, 79, 93, 114 attenuated virus, 3, 27, 78–79, 88, 114 Aventis Pasteur. See sanofiaventis Aylward, Bruce, 114, 117, 133– 135, 136, 137, 142–143 baboons, 26–27, 91 Bagré, Boureima, 1–2, 6–11, 12– 13 Beale, John, 92 Belgian Congo, 83 Bellamy, Carol, 110–111 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation , 117, 119t, 126, 138 Birthday Balls (for President Roosevelt), 35, 45, 67 Bodian, David, 46 breastfeeding, 4, 6 Brodie, Maurice, 44, 67 Bruegel, Pieter, the Elder, 25 Brundtland, Gro Harlem, 120– 121 bulbar polio, 9 bulbarspinal polio, 9 Bulgaria, 132 Burkina Faso, 1–4, 13, 14, 17–22, 109, 122 Burnet, Frank M., 45 Cambodia, 115 Cameron, G.D.W., 71 Cameroon, 136–137 Canada, 3, 23, 31, 55, 63, 65, 67, 71–72, 75–76, 89, 100, 118, 119t Canadian Foundation for Poliomyelitis (CFP), 64 Cantor, Eddie, 34–35, 72 Carrel, Alexis, 60 CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 106–107, 110, 141 Chanty, Mum, 115 Cochi, Steve, 106–107, 110, 141 Cohen, Hans, 97 Connaught Laboratories, 55–62, 71, 75, 89 Copenhagen, Denmark, 24, 41, 85 Cordier, S., 26 Courtois, Ghislain, 83 Cox, Herald, 80, 82, 83 coxsackievirus, 9 Cutter Incident, 74–75 DeBeers, 117 Defries, Robert, 57, 62, 64, 71, 76 Denmark, 40, 42, 76, 119t Dick, George, 81–82 Dominican Republic, 139 dracunculiasis, 109 158 Index Drinker, Philip, 40 Drinker Respirator (iron lung), 40–41 DT Polio, 93, 94 echovirus, 9 Egypt, 133, 140–141 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 74 Eli Lilly & Co., 57, 61 Enders, John, 47, 48, 58, 103 Engström Respirator, 42 enterovirus, 5, 9, 51, 139, 144 EPI. See Expanded Program in Immunization epidemics, 2–3, 5, 17, 26, 28, 30– 32, 38, 40–41, 55, 57, 109, 119, 124, 135, 138, 143 equinus foot, 18–19 eradication, 2–3, 79, 99, 101– 111, 115–122, 124–126, 128, 132–135, 137–144. See also Global Polio Eradication Initiative Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), 104, 111 Fanget, Bernard, 91–92 Farrell, Leone Norwood, 57, 61 Farrow, Mia, 118 fever, 5–7, 12, 14, 25 Finland, 67 Forum for the Advancement of Immunization Research (FAIR), 97 Francis, Thomas, 50, 54, 70, 71– 72 Francis Field Trial, 67, 69, 71, 79, 110 Franklin, Arthur E., 60 Friedman, Lorraine, 52 Gaia Tri Pariwan, 104, 113 Galy, Michel, 93, 96 Germany, 119t Glaxo, 92; GlaxoSmithKline, 100 Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), 125– 126 Global Polio Eradication Initiative (of the WHO), 23, 101, 110, 113–114, 115, 121, 129–130. See also eradication Goudeau, Alain, 146 Gréco, Michel, 125 Guillain-Barré syndrome, 9 Haiti, 139 Hayes, Helen, 37, 72 Heine, Jacob von, 25 Henderson, Donald A., 108, 142 Herriot, Edouard, 90 Hilleman, Maurice, 80 Hingis, Martina, 118 Hispaniola, 139 Hlady, Gary, 129, 130 Hobby, Oveta Culp, 55, 74 Horstmann, Dorothy Millicent, 49 Hubbell, Susan, 23 hygiene, 28, 31, 102, 141 Ibsen, Bjørn, 41 immunity, 27, 45–46, 50–51, 67– 68, 97, 114, 138 India, 3, 101–104, 109, 113, 118, 119, 122, 124, 128–131, 135– 137 injections, 6–7, 60, 76 injectable polio vaccine (IPV), 50, 77, 81, 90–91, 97, 112, 112t iron lung, 40–43 Japan, 118, 119t Jenner, Edward, 27, 51 Johns Hopkins University, 46, 108 Kaboré, Salam, 2, 18 Kafando, Aïnata, 1–2, 14–16 Kerr, Randy, 65 Kolmer, John, 44–45, 67 Koprowski, Hilary, 51, 78–83, 90 Index 159 Lassen, Henry, 41 Lederle Laboratories, 78, 80, 83, 93, 100 Lépine, Pierre, 42, 90, 91 Levaditi, Constantin, 26 Lokichoggio, Kenya, 123, 125 Macnamara, Dame Jean, 45 Magnus, Herdis von, 76 malaria, 6–7, 107 Manitoba, Canada, 31 March of Dimes, 23, 35–39, 57, 62, 67, 103, 110, 121 Marija, 20 Martin, Paul Sr., 76 Martin, Paul Jr., 76 measles, 104, 111, 120, 129 Medin, Oskar, 26 Medium 199, 57, 59, 60 Merck Institute, 80 Merck, Sharp, and Dohme, 81, 88, 91; Merck, 100 Mérieux, Charles, 87, 90–91, 93– 95, 96, 97 Mérieux Institute, 88, 89–90, 91, 93–94, 98–99 Minas, Melik, 116 Mollaret, Pierre, 42 monkey kidneys, 56, 59, 60, 88, 91–93, 98 Montagnon, Bernard, 91, 98 Moore, Roger, 118 mop-up campaigns, 113, 128, 130, 144 Morgan, Joseph F., 60 Morgon, Pierre, 115 mortality due to...