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summary
Liberty and Law examines a previously underappreciated theme in legal history - the idea of permissive natural law. The idea is mentioned only peripherally, if at all, in modern histories of natural law. Yet it engaged the attention of jurists, philosophers, and theologians over a long period and formed an integral part of their teachings. This ensured that natural law was not conceived of as merely a set of commands and prohibitions that restricted human conduct, but also as affirming a realm of human freedom, understood as both freedom from subjection and freedom of choice. Freedom can be used in many ways, and throughout the whole period from 1100 to 1800 the idea of permissive natural law was deployed for various purposes in response to different problems that arose. It was frequently invoked to explain the origin of private property and the beginnings of civil government.

Table of Contents

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  1. Cover
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  1. Title Page, Copyright Page
  2. pp. i-iv
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  1. Contents
  2. pp. v-vi
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  1. Introduction
  2. pp. vii-xii
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  1. Part I. Foundations
  1. 1. Early Sources: Stoic and Christian
  2. pp. 3-14
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  1. 2. Canonistic Jurisprudence
  2. pp. 15-48
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  1. Part II. Thirteenth-Century Theologians
  1. 3. Parisian Masters
  2. pp. 51-68
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  1. 4. Thomas Aquinas
  2. pp. 69-92
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  1. Part III. Fourteenth-Century Variations
  1. 5. William of Ockham
  2. pp. 95-121
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  1. 6. Marsilius of Padua
  2. pp. 122-141
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  1. 7. Johannes Andreae
  2. pp. 142-156
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  1. Part IV. Indifferent Things: Adiaphora in the Church
  1. 8. Reformation Adiaphora: Lutherans and Anglicans
  2. pp. 159-171
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  1. 9. Richard Hooker
  2. pp. 172-190
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  1. Part V. Natural Law and International Law: Suarez and Grotius
  1. 10. Francisco Suarez
  2. pp. 193-214
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  1. 11. Hugo Grotius
  2. pp. 215-248
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  1. Part VI. For and Against: Selden, Pufendorf, and Some Critics
  1. 12. John Selden
  2. pp. 251-272
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  1. 13. Samuel Pufendorf
  2. pp. 273-290
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  1. 14. Critics of Pufendorf: Barbeyrac and Burlamaqui
  2. pp. 291-304
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  1. Part VII. Natural Law and the German Enlightenment
  1. 15. Wolff to Kant
  2. pp. 307-325
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  1. 16. Kant: Permissive Law and Property
  2. pp. 326-354
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  1. 17. Afterword
  2. pp. 355-358
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  1. Selected Bibliography
  2. pp. 359-372
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  1. Index
  2. pp. 373-380
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