Index
Index Anarchy: Rousseau's longing for, 102; in Rousseau's state of nature, 105; effect in practice of Rousseau's teaching, 150 Animal symbolicum, defined, 36-42 Arbitrariness: restrained by law, IS, 166-67, 171, 174, 179; unleashed by utopianism, 149; negated by spirit of constitutionalism, 172, 179 Aristotle: on prudence and morality, 72; on happiness, 76-80, 82n; on true friendship, 84; on habit and virtue, 87,96, 126; contrasted with Rousseau , 137, 163; mentioned, 8, 9, 30, 38n Aron, Raymond, 194n Autonomous groups: prohibited by Rousseau, 128, 138-39, 215-218; defined by Nisbet, rejected by Rousseau , endorsed by Burke, 139; supported by U.S. Constitution, 190, 216-18; threatened by majoritarianism , 191; need for in democracy, 195-96,215-23 Babbitt, Irving: on dualism, 58-59; on inner check, 70, 82n, 85n; on Rousseau , 95, 147n, 197, 198; on humility and leadership, 202 Bachrach, Peter, 196-97 Behavioralism, 28 Bentley, Arthur, 29 Brecht, Arnold, 4 Buchanan, James, 24n Burke, Edmund: on need for change, 88; compared to Rousseau, 139; on need for restraint, 150, 172-73, 181n; on representation, 184; on social affections, 196 Burnham, James, 190 Burns, James MacGregor: critical of U.S. Constitution, 186-87; on Jeffersonian model, 187-88; related to Rousseau, 190-93 Buytendijk, F. J. J., 37n Calhoun, John C.: on constitutionalism , 168-70; constitutional theory of related to moral life, 176-77 Cassirer, Ernst: on animal symbolicum, 36-37, 39, 58n, 99n, 103n; on problem of community in Rousseau, 106; on ethical conscience in Rousseau, 133 Charvet, John, 133, 114 Checks and balances: and Madisonian tradition, 21; as restraint on majority, 155-60; related to Calhoun, 169; Burns's impatience with, 188 Civilization: as ultimate goal,S; defined , 82; intrinsic value of, 85; need of change, 88; as seen by Rousseau, 102, 150; embodied in history, 227; as related to constitutional personality , 228-29; as setting for constitutional democracy, 234 Community: as seen by Dewey, 17; by Nisbet, 19; based on ethical con241 242 Community (continued) science, 76, 83; as goal of social life, 83; definition of, 83-85; as end of polities, 162; and popular sovereignty , 164; and freedom, 164-65, 218-23; and spirit of constitutionalism , 194; and autonomous groups, 195-96, 219-23; and revitalization of democratic theory, 198; promoted by representation, 199-200; embodied in the particular, 221-23 Concurrent majority, 170 Conscience. See Ethical conscience Consensus: as prerequisite of government action, 160; promoted by U.S. Constitution, 182; criticized by Burns, 187 Constitutional democracy: defined, 1316 ,93, 154, 193-94,212; deficient theories of, II; contrasted with plebiscitary democracy, IS, 93, 193, 212-14; most demanding form of government, 233; in jeopardy in U. S., 233-39; as ethical realism, 166-72, 230-31 Constitutional personality: defined, 193, 228-29; basis of constitutional democracy, 214; fading in U.S., 23438 Conway, Margaret, 31n Croce, Benedetto, 23-24, 61n, 82n Crocker, Lester, 140-41 Dahl, Robert: on decentralization, 195; favoring "democratization," 196-97; mentioned, 3n, II Deliberation: moral dimension of, 15; moral need for, 71, 181; type desired by Rousseau, 133; and morality, 177; premium on in U.S. Constitution, 182 Dewey, John: on ends and means, 5-6, 12; on democracy as way of life, 1719 ,42 Downs, Anthony: 3n, II, 42n Durbin, E. F. M., 3n Durkheim, Emile, 105 Duverger, Maurice, 41-42 INDEX Easton, David: on goal of political science , 29-30; mentioned, 3n Eliot, T. S., 57n Ends and means: as seen by Mayo,S; by Dewey, 5-6; related to democracy, 5-8; as seen by Thorson, 12; by Croce, 23-24 Equality: as basis of morality in Rousseau , 109-11, 114; abstract nature of in Rousseau, 124; political goal for Dahl and Bachrach, 197 Ethical conscience: defined, 8-9, 14, 20, 21, 23, 25,49, 52, 54-56, 62-89 passim, 149-50, 176-78, 227-28; as principle of community, 85; as seen by Rousseau, 133, 136-37; as potential threat to the state, 140-41; as dimension of constitutionalism, 17274 . See Ethical universality Ethical rationalism: exemplified, 209, 209n; weakness of, 211, 219, 227; its neglect of creativity, 220-21, 22324 ; its demand for definition of good, 225 Ethical realism: need for, 20-26; lack of in Rousseau, 108-111, 148-51; and constitutionalism, 166-72; as integral to ethical responsibility, 2089 , 229-31 Ethical universality: and "principles," 206-7; and particular interests, 207; embodied in the concrete, 211-12, 218-20; and creativity, 220-23; as historical, 223-29...
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