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Acknowledgments In the course of my research, I have benefitted from the assistance of countless librarians and scholars. Much of this work was completed during my many research visits to the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies, for whose hospitality I remain grateful. Thanks are also due to the National Endowment for the Humanities, which enabled me to direct a summer institute for university faculty, “Representations of the ‘Other’: Jews in Medieval Christendom,” in 2003, 2006, and 2010 at the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies. Its faculty participants prodded me to rethink many of the notions I had considered well established. Special thanks are due to the visiting scholars who contributed to the institutes: Anna Sapir Abulafia, Anthony Bale, Robert Chazan, Jeremy Cohen, Denise Despres, Chaim Hames, Daniel Lasker, Sara Lipton, Miri Rubin, and Robert Stacey. In addition, in 2006 I made good use of the wonderful library resources in London, while a Distinguished Visiting Fellow at Queen Mary, University of London. Finally, I must thank Luke Demaitre, who carefully read the chapter on leprosy and the Jews and offered very helpful criticism. Any errors that remain are, of course, my own. ix ...

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