On the Edge of Earth: The Future of American Space Power

Acknowledgments

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book would not have been possible without the assistance of the Smith Richardson Foundation. My appreciation to the people of Smith Richardson who saw a compelling need to produce this book and who elected to throw their trust and support behind me is beyond measure. The foundation's generous sponsorship allowed me to devote considerable time over a period of two years to explore the subject matter of this book. For their special counsel, oversight, and criticism, I would like to recognize three individuals. Dr. William R. Graham, President of National Security Research, Inc. and former Science Advisor to President Reagan, offered historical insight and invaluable policy and technical advice. Our conversations were an immense help. I also am deeply indebted to Dr. Colin S. Gray, Professor of International Politics and Strategic Studies at the University of Reading in the United Kingdom. Dr. Gray not only is a keen critic at the levels of policy and strategy, but his historical knowledge and expertise in military and defense affairs proved to be important guideposts for me. Finally, I am grateful for the perceptive counsel of Mr. Richard W. Scott Jr., who at various stages in his career worked in the defense, civil, and commercial space sectors in the United States. I found his experience in policy, military, and technical matters to be very helpful. I also would like to acknowledge the special contributions he made to the development of chapters 4 and 5. While I have followed and analyzed the space power subject since the early 1990s, writing this book was a tremendous learning experience for me. My conversations and interviews with numerous individuals during 1998 and 1999 en- x Acknowledgments hanced the quality of this work. There are several people I would like to thank, many of whom took time out of very busy schedules to meet with me or to review and comment on portions of this manuscript. I am ever appreciative for their insights and helpful comments. In alphabetical order, they are: Colonel David Anhalt, USAF (Assistant to the Director, Office of Net Assessments, U.S. Defense Department); Commander Thomas Berg, USN (U.S. Space Command liaison to the U.S. Ballistic Missile Defense Organization); Mr. Marc Berkowitz (Space Policy Director for the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence in the U.S. Defense Department); Major Brad Broemmel, USAF (Air Force Space Command staff); Ambassador Henry Cooper (Chairman of High Frontier); Mr. Charles Cunningham (Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, the U.S. Defense Department); Major General Robert Dickman, USAF (U.S. National Space Architect); Colonel Wayne Dillingham, USAF (Legal Advisor, U.S. Space Command); Brigadier General Stephen Ferrell, USA (Director of Strategy and Plans, U.S. Space Command); Colonel Bill Fruland, USAF (Directorate for Operations, U.S. Space Command); Dr. Robert Fúgate (Senior Scientist and Technical Advisor, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory); Mr. Wayne Glass (Defense Legislative Assistant for U.S. Senator Jeff Bingaman); Dr. Daniel Goure (Center for Strategic and Security Studies); Mr. Brian Greene (staff member on the U.S. House Armed Services Committee); Mr. Dana Krupa (Assistant to U.S. Senator Jeff Bingaman); Mr. Christopher Lay (SAIC); Lieutenant General Lester L. Lyles, USAF (Director of the U.S. Ballistic Missile Defense Organization ); Mr. Andrew Marshall (Director, Office of Net Assessments, U.S. Defense Department); Lieutenant Colonel Sam McCraw, USAF (Air Force Space Command staff); Lieutenant Colonel Cynthia McKinley, USAF (Commander, 21st Space Wing, Air Force Space Command); Mr. E. Clayton Mowry (President, Satellite Industry Association); Mr. James Muncy (Defense Legislative Assistant for Congressman Dana Rohrabacher); Dr. Mitch Nikolich (Senior Analyst, National Security Research, Inc.); Mr. Pete Norris (President, SPIN-2); Major Perry Nouis, USAF (Public Affairs, U.S. Space Command); Colonel James Painter, USAF (Chief, Policy and International Affairs Division, U.S. Space Command); Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Russo, USAF (Space Warfare Center, Air Force Space Command); General Bernard Schriever, USAF Retired (pioneering program manager for the U.S. Atlas ICBM Program); Mr. Andrei Shoumikin (National Institute for Public Policy); Mr. Gil Siegert (Space Ventures); Captain Don Slaton (U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, Space Division); Ms. Mareia Smith (Congressional Research Service); Mr. Robert Snyder (Executive Director, Ballistic Missile Defense Organization); Mr. Eric Sterner (Legislative Assistant for Congressman James Sensenbrenner); Dr. Thomas Ward (Director, Threat and Countermeasures, Ballistic Missile Defense Organization); Rear Admiral Richard West, USN (Deputy Director, Ballistic Mis- Acknowledgments xi sile Defense...