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aCKnowledgMents I am very grateful for support from the following groups of people: participants in oral history interviews, which became the foundation for this book’s research; the excellent teachers and mentors I had at Xavier High School, Fordham University’s Departments of African and African American Studies, and History, and New York University’s History Department; my colleagues in the Bowdoin College Africana Studies Program; the Bowdoin College Faculty Development Committee, for a generous grant that paid for the wonderful pictures and maps; my generous colleagues within and beyond the historical profession who shared with me primary sources and words of encouragement; the editors and the academic presses that published earlier versions of some of the chapters in this book; librarians and archivists who assisted me in my research, especially those at the Brooklyn Historical Society and the Brooklyn Public Library Central Branch’s Brooklyn Collection; the New York State Historical Association and the Dixon Ryan Fox Manuscript Prize selection committee; staff members at the University Press of Kentucky ; my handful of close, supportive friends; my loving parents, brother, extended family, and in-laws. I take full responsibility for this book’s shortcomings, but whatever strengths it possesses would not have been possible without generous help from the following individuals: Bob Adelman, Kristin AndersonBricker , Adina Back, Elaine Bibuld, Martha Biondi, Mark Chapman, Geoffrey Cole, Maxine Leeds Craig, Angela Dillard, David Goldberg, Arnie and Gilda Goldwag, Adam Green, Trevor Griffey, Joshua Guild, Martha Hodes, Joy Holland, Robin D. G. Kelley, Claire Jean Kim, Rioghan Kirchner, Mary Ellen Phifer Kirton, Matthew Klingle, Michael Latham, Steven F. Lawson, Natasha Lightfoot, Justin Lorts, Claude Mangum, Erik McDuffie, George Derek Musgrove, Mark Naison, Bill Nelson, Anna Nutter, Orlando Plaza, L. E. J. Rachell, Nick Salvatore, Jeffrey T. Sammons, Jennifer Scanlon, Jason Sokol, Thomas Sugrue, Joseph Sweeney, Clarence Taylor, Jeanne Theoharis, Ann Twombly, Anne Dean Watkins, Chela Scott Weber, Jitu Weusi, Msemaji and Nandi Weusi, Komozi Woodard, and Craig Steven Wilder. 298 • Acknowledgments Finally, for their constant support, I give all my love and thanks to my wife, Leana Amaez, and our children: Isabella, Gabriel, and Lillian. Portions of chapter 5 previously appeared as “‘Taxation without Sanitation Is Tyranny’: Civil Rights Struggles over Garbage Collection in Brooklyn, New York, during the Fall of 1962,” Afro-Americans in New York Life and History 31.2 (July 2007): 61–88, and was also reprinted in Clarence Taylor, editor, Civil Rights in New York City: From World War II to the Giuliani Era (New York: Fordham University Press, 2011), 52–76. An earlier version of chapter 7 previously appeared as “‘Revolution Has Come to Brooklyn’: The Campaign against Discrimination in the Construction Trades and Growing Militancy in the Northern Black Freedom Movement,” in Black Power at Work: Community Control, Affirmative Action, and the Construction Industry, edited by David Goldberg and Trevor Griffey (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2010), 23–47. Portions of chapter 8 appeared previously as “‘Drive Awhile for Freedom’: Brooklyn CORE’s 1964 Stall-In and Public Discourses on Protest Violence,” in Ground Work: Local Black Freedom Movements in America, edited by Jeanne F. Theoharis and Komozi Woodard (New York: New York University Press, 2005), 45–75. ...

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