Index
296 Index PHC is an abbreviation of Peter H. Clark. 61–62; festivals of, 95–97; free African Americans, 45; independent political action of, 120, 121; indignation of over the policies of Rutherford B. Hayes, 140; and internationalism, 56–57; as a nation, 58–59; opposition of to colonization, 48; political strategy of, 4; and the Republican Party, 108–10, 112, 122, 123, 125, 147, 163 (see also Chillicothe Convention); and school integration in Cincinnati, 197–99, 202; and socialism, 11, 32, 155; taxes on, 61–62; voting power of in Ohio, 187; voting rights for African American men, 107–8. See also African Americans, and citizenship; black nationalism; Emancipation Day celebrations; lynching; National Day of Prayer; Reconstruction African Americans, and citizenship, 2, 14, 17–18, 44, 50, 54, 58, 90, 105–6, 112, 125, 127, 160, 166, 169, 216; extension of citizenship rights to African Americans by the state of Ohio, 86; lack of citizenship, 62, 63 (see also “Black Laws”); rights of as citizens, 93 African Diaspora, 96, 97 African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, 7, 24, 168; as a refuge from racism, 77 “African Slavery in America” (Paine), 68 Afro-American, 162, 180, 192 Afro-American Council: annual convention of (1904), 220–21; demise of, 221 Afro-American League, 220 1872 presidential election, 114–15 1876 presidential election, 139 1880 presidential election, 158–59 1884 presidential election, 169, 175, 177–78; integrity of, 175–76 1888 presidential election, 219 1892 presidential election, 219 abolitionism, 5, 79; African American abolitionism, 45, 90–91. See also Radical Abolitionists/Radical Abolition Party Address to the Slaves (Garnet), 46 Africa, 48, 50–51 African Americans, 17–18, 26, 27, 44–48, 50, 101, 105, 119, 129, 161, 167, 168, 172, 194; and the 1872 presidential election, 114–15; and the 1884 presidential election, 175; African American radicals, 5; African American socialists, 11; and the barbering profession, 33–34; celebrations surrounding repeal of the “Black Laws,” 197–98; and Christianity, 77; in Cincinnati, 33–34; and civil rights legislation, 179; debates concerning the establishment of an industrial college for African Americans, 81–85; and the Democratic Party, 160–61, 162, 206–8, 211; and the discourse of “nationality,” 42–43; disenfranchisement of in Cincinnati, 172–74, 180; and education, 29–30, 61, 63–64, 164–66; and emigration, 54–55; and emigration to Canada, 51–52; exclusion of from public schools in Cincinnati, 18, Index 297 Age of Reason, The (Paine), 66–67 Allen Temple AME (formerly the Allen Chapel), 77, 216; meeting at in response to the Chillicothe Convention, 121–22; Sabbath school of, 22, 34 amalgamation (race mixing), 54 AME Church Review, 177, 178, 179 American Anti-Slavery Society, 84, 95 American Colonization Society (ACS), 48–51, 53, 59 American Society of Free Persons of Colour, 44 Anderson, Alfred J., 117, 143 Anderson, Benedict, 42 Anderson, William, 71–72 Anderson’s (African American band), 96 Arbiter Association, 99 Arnett, Benjamin, 117, 196–97 Arnett Law, 197, 202 August First celebration (1871), 112–13 Ball, Thomas, 30 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, 145 Barnett, Ferdinand, 220 Battle of Lake Erie (1873), PHC’s criticism of, 225–26 Baxter, John, 177 Bayard, Thomas, 184, 185 Bernard, Lewis, 174 Bibb, Henry, 52, 95 Bible, the, “myths” of, 67 biography, genre of, 15 Birmingham Era, smear campaign of against PHC, 205–6 Birney, James G., 25, 26, 93 Bishop, Emeline, 29 Black Brigade of Cincinnati, 102–3, 232 Black Brigade of Cincinnati, The (PHC), 102, 103 “Black Laws,” 17, 26, 163, 183, 188; Black Law (1804), 17; Black Law (1807), 17; defeat of, 197–99; support for the repeal of, 196–97 black manhood, “Masculine Achiever” version of, 9 black nationalism, 14, 43, 51, 59–60, 215–16; black nationalist-emigrationists, 54–66; black nationalist strategies, 215; militant expression of, 5 Blaine, James G., 169, 171 Booker, John, 117 Breckenridge, William Clark, 230 Brown, Jere A., 196 Brown, John, 7, 88, 89, 222; memorial rally for, 99–101 Brown, William Wells, 39, 95, 104 Brown v. Board of Education (1954), 163–64 Bruce, Blanche, 12 Burke, John, 176 Butler, Benjamin, 104 California, 46 Cameron, Andrew, 131 capitalism, 8, 36, 134, 136, 145, 146 Casey, William R., 48 Catholic Telegraph, 70 Central America, 55 Chase, Salmon Portland, 4, 79 Chase, W. Calvin, 160, 161, 166 Chicago Observer, 201 Chillicothe Convention, 117–25, 157; criticism of, 120–22, 122–23; criticism at the convention of the Republican Party’s Philadelphia Platform, 117–18; organization of, 117; PHC’s rebuttal of...
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