The Gulf: The Bush Presidencies and the Middle East

Title Page, Copyright, Dedication, Quotes

The Gulf THE GULF The Bush Presidencies and the Middle East Michael F. Cairo Copyright © 2012 by The University Press of Kentucky Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University. All rights reserved. Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky 663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508–4008 www.kentuckypress.com 16 15 14 13 12 5 4 3 2 1 Maps by Dick Gilbreath, University of Kentucky Cartography Lab. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cairo, Michael F., 1970The Gulf : the Bush presidencies and the Middle East / Michael F. Cairo. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8131-3672-1 (hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8131-3673-8 (pdf) — ISBN 978-0-8131-4074-2 (epub) 1. Middle East—Foreign relations—United States. 2. United States—Foreign relations—Middle East. 3. United States—Foreign relations—1989-1993. 4. United States—Foreign relations—2001-2009. 5. Bush, George, 19246 . Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946- 7. Arab-Israeli conflict. 8. Persian Gulf War, 1991. 9. Iraq War, 2003-2011. I. Title. DS63.2.U5C28 2012 327.7305609’049—dc23 2012029586 This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials. Manufactured in the United States of America. Member of the Association of American University Presses For Carey, Maxwell, and Sophia This is an historic moment. . . . We have before us the opportunity to forge for ourselves and for future generations a new world order— a world where the rule of law, not the law of the jungle, governs the conduct of nations. When we are successful, and we will be, we have a real chance at this new world order, an order in which a credible United Nations can use its peacekeeping role to fulfill the promise and vision of the U.N.’s founders. —George H. W. Bush, January 16, 1991 This young century will be liberty’s century. By promoting liberty abroad, we will build a safer world. By encouraging liberty at home, we will build a more hopeful America. Like generations before us, we have a calling from beyond the stars to stand for freedom. This is the everlasting dream of America. —George W. Bush, September 2, 2004 ...