Index
199 Abbas, Mahmoud, 126, 131–32, 139 Abraham Lincoln (USS), 97 Abrams, Elliot, 140 Adams, John Quincy, 143 Afghanistan, 56, 68 Agency for International Development, 133 air strikes: against Iraq, 53, 101 alcohol: George W.’s battles with, 24 Al Qaeda, 54, 83, 111 American hegemony: the Bush Doctrine and, 58, 75–76; George W.’s view of, 38, 39, 58; neoconservatism and, 54–55 American imperialism, 36, 39 American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), 116 American nationalism, 38–39 American power: comparison of views during the Bush presidencies, 38, 39–40, 112; George W.’s commitment to the expansion of, 38, 56–58, 112 American universalism, 36–37. See also messianic universalism Anbar Awakening, 111 Annan, Kofi, 108–9 Annapolis conference, 139–40 anthrax attacks, 55–56 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, 39–40, 150 anti-intellectualism, 23, 25–26, 31 “Anything but Clinton” (ABC) policy, 119, 120 Arab League, 48 Arab states: George H. W. cultivates support of during the Persian Gulf crisis, 36; Middle East peace process under George H. W. and, 118, 127–29, 130–31 Arafat, Yasir, 118, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127–28 arms control, 33 Army Psychological Operations, 96 Ashcroft, John, 124 Assad, Hafez al-, 51, 127, 129, 130 Atwater, Lee, 25 Australia, 83 Aziz, Tariq, 66, 67, 85, 90 Aznar, José Maria Alfredo, 92 Baath Party, 103, 104 Baghdad: captured during Operation Iraqi Freedom, 95–96; George H. W.’s decision not to capture, 54, 99; looting in, 97 Baker, James: development of support for Operation Desert Shield, 58, 64, 65; diplomacy during the Persian Gulf crisis, 50; diplomacy with Iraq, 66, 67, 85; on George H. W.’s decision not to capture Baghdad, 99; Middle East peace process and, 115, 116, 117, 127, 128–29, 130–31; Operation Desert Storm and, 85, 89, 91 balance of power, 6 Bandar bin Sultan (Prince Bandar), 50, 92 Index 200 Index Begin, Benjamin, 117 Bentsen, Lloyd, 20 Berlin Wall, 29–30 Bessmertnykh, Alexander, 89 Bin Laden, Osama, 54 biological weapons ban, 76 Blair, Tony, 82, 92, 125 Blix, Hans, 80, 82, 83 Bolton, John, 70, 74 born-again Christianity. See religious faith Bremer, L. Paul, 103–4, 105 Brown Brothers Harriman, 13, 16 Bruce, David, 21 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 31 Building for Peace: An American Strategy for the Middle East, 116 Burns, William, 121, 122, 123 Bush, Barbara, 15, 17 Bush, Dorothy Walker, 13, 14 Bush, George H. W.: as an “enlightened” realist, 4, 27–28, 40–41; background, education, and early career, 13–16; compares Saddam Hussein to Adolf Hitler, 49, 59; crises and challenges faced as president, 27; death of daughter Robin, 17; decision not to capture Baghdad in 1991, 54, 99; as director of CIA, 21–22, 28–29; ending of the Persian Gulf War, 97–98, 99, 112, 147; flexibility and willingness to compromise, 32–33, 35; foreign policy approaches, 7, 9–10; humanitarian aid to the Kurds, 100; importance of personality to foreign policy determination, 1–3, 27–28; importance of worldview to foreign policy determination, 149–50; influences on foreign policy decision making, 27–30, 31, 32–33, 35–36, 37–38, 39; Iraqi policy prior to the invasion of Kuwait, 43–47; legacy in the Middle East, 143; liberalism and, 7, 9; the Madrid conference and, 127–31; Middle East peace process and, 9–10, 113, 115–18, 127–31, 141–42, 144–48; military service during WWII, 15; multilateral internationalism of, 37–38, 39 (see also multilateralism); National Security Directive 26, 46; negotiation and personal diplomacy, 35–36; “new world order,” 2; “November surprise,” 63; Operation Desert Shield, 58–68; Operation Desert Storm, 85–92; political career prior to presidency, 19–22; post–Gulf War policy of containment and deterrence toward Iraq, 100–102; pragmatism and reliance on experience, 28–30, 31, 150; response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, 9–10, 36, 39, 43, 47–51; vision for the post–cold war era, 86–86. See also Bush presidencies Bush, George W.: alternate military service during Vietnam War, 18–19; anti-intellectualism and, 23, 25–26, 31; attempts to build support for an attack on Iraq, 77–84; background and education, 16–19; Bush Doctrine, 57–58 (see also Bush Doctrine); career prior to presidency, 23–26; certainty and competition as traits of, 32, 33–35; “cowboy” liberalism, 4, 27–28, 40– 41; crises and challenges faced as president, 27; criticism of Clinton’s foreign policy, 52; cuts off funds to the UN Population Fund, [18...
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