Surface and Destroy: The Submarine Gun War in the Pacific

Notes

Notes Abbreviations CBC Clay Blair Collection, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie LC Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Washington, DC NARA U.S. National Archives and Record Administration, College Park, MD SFM Submarine Force Museum, Groton, CT SM Submarine Memorabilia, WWII Submarine War Patrol Reports, reproduced on DVD, discs 1–28 UBSM USS Bowfin Submarine Museum, Pearl Harbor, HI Introduction 1. I. J. Galantin, Take Her Deep! A Submarine against Japan in World War II (1987; repr., London: Unwin Hyman, 1988), 47. 2. George Grider, with Lydel Sims, War Fish (London: Cassell, 1959), 12–13. 3. Robert Gannon, Hellions of the Deep: The Development of American Torpedoes in World War II (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996), 198; Mark P. Parillo, The Japanese Merchant Marine in World War II (Annapolis, MD: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1993), 207. 4. William Tuohy, The Bravest Man: Richard O’Kane and the Amazing Submarine Adventures of the USS Tang (2001; repr., New York: Ballantine Books, 2006), 269–70. 5. Calvin Moon Interview, 21, Rutgers Oral History Archives of World War II, http://fas-history.rutgers.edu/oralhistory/Interviews/moon-calvin .html (accessed 2 September 2005). 6. C. Kenneth Ruiz, with John Bruning, The Luck of the Draw: The Memoir of a World War II Submariner (St. Paul, MN: Zenith, 2005), 238. 184 Notes to Pages 2–4 7. Geoffrey Till, “The Battle of the Atlantic as History,” in The Battle of the Atlantic, 1939–1945: The 50th Anniversary International Naval Conference, ed. Stephen Howarth and Derek Law (London: Greenhill Books, 1994), 587. 8. Harley Cope and Walter Karig, Battle Submerged: Submarine Fighters of World War II (New York: Norton, 1951), 215; Clay Blair Jr., Hitler’s U-Boat War: The Hunters, 1939–1942 (1996; repr., New York: Modern Library, 2000), 21; Gordon Williamson, Grey Wolf: U-Boat Crewmen of World War II (Oxford: Osprey, 2001), 53, 55; Peter Padfield, War beneath the Sea: Submarine Conflict, 1939–1945 (London: Pimlico, 1995), 64–65; 303–4; Clay Blair Jr., Hitler’s U-Boat War: The Hunted, 1942–1945 (1998; repr., London: Cassell, 2001), 316. 9. Joel Ira Holwitt, “Execute against Japan”: The U.S. Decision to Conduct Unrestricted Submarine Warfare (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2009), 67–69; Anthony Newpower, Iron Men and Tin Fish: The Race to Build a Better Torpedo during World War II (Westport, CT: Praeger Security International, 2006), 97–98. 10. See, for example, Commander Submarine Force, Pacific Fleet, Current Doctrine Submarines, February 1944, 6, Naval Historical Center, Washington, DC, http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/sub_doctrine.htm (accessed 13 June 2008); Dale Russell, Hell Above, Deep Water Below (Tillamook, OR: Bayocean Enterprises, 1995), 10; Norman Friedman, US Naval Weapons: Every Gun, Missile, Mine and Torpedo Used by the US Navy from 1883 to the Present Day (Annapolis, MD: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1983), 54–55. 11.QuotedinMikeOstlund,Find’Em,Chase’Em,Sink’Em:TheMysterious Loss of the WWII Submarine USS Gudgeon (Guildford, CT: Lyons, 2006), 318. 12. Charles Lockwood, Sink ’Em All: Submarine Warfare in the Pacific (1951; repr., New York: Bantam Books, 1984), 141; Commander Submarine Force, Pacific Fleet, Current Doctrine Submarines, February 1944, 71–72. 13. Michael Wilson, A Submariners’ War: The Indian Ocean, 1939–45 (Stroud,UK:Tempus,2000),105–6;CharlesEliottLoughlin,TheReminiscences of Rear Admiral Charles Elliot Loughlin, U.S. Navy (Retired) (Annapolis, MD: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1982), 115; Theodore Roscoe, United States Submarine Operations in World War II (Annapolis, MD: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1949), 422–23; Clay Blair Jr., Silent Victory: The U.S. Submarine War against Japan (1975; repr., Annapolis, MD: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 2001), 764; Flint Whitlock and Ron Smith, The Depths of Courage: American Submariners at War with Japan, 1941–1945 (New York: Berkley Caliber, 2007), 225–26; Jonathan J. McCullough, A Tale of Two Subs: An Untold Story of World War II, Two Sister Ships, and Extraordinary Heroism (New York: Grand Central, 2008), 232, 241–45; Corwin Mendenhall, Submarine Diary: The Silent Stalking of Japan (Annapolis, MD: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1991), 288–89. 14. Quoted in Gannon, Hellions of the Deep, 45. 15. Holger H. Herwig, “Innovation Ignored: The Submarine Problem; Notes to Pages 5–7 185 Germany, Britain, and the United States, 1919–1939,” in Military Innovation in the Interwar Period, ed. Williamson Murray and Allan R. Millett (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 260. See also...