New Histories of Pre-Columbian Florida

List of Figures

Figures Intro.1. Locations of sites discussed in this volume 4 1.1. Map of the middle St. Johns showing the location of selected Archaic shell mounds 19 1.2. Archaic shell-bearing and shell-free loci in the Silver Glen Springs watershed 22 1.3. Calibrated radiocarbon assays of Archaic age in the Silver Glen Springs watershed 25 1.4. Variation in Orange Period use of space in the Silver Glen Springs watershed 31 2.1. Locations of Estero Bay archaeological sites 39 2.2. Circa 1906 photograph of the southern portion of the Estero Island site along Matanzas Pass 41 2.3. Circa 1958 aerial photograph taken during the development of the Shell Mound Park subdivision 43 2.4. East and south stratigraphic profiles of the 2005–2007 excavations at the Estero Island site 47 2.5. Excavation photo illustrating leveled mound deposits from swimming pool deck 50 3.1. Locations of Cedar Key, Shell Mound, and Crystal River 64 3.2. Topographic map of the Crystal River site 66 4.1. Selected sites in west peninsular Florida and nearby 75 4.2. Sarasota’s 2,000-year-old Yellow Bluffs Mound, now destroyed, at the start of salvage excavations in 1969 76 4.3. Middle Woodland carved shell gorgets of tabbed circle form 79 4.4. Whelk shell artifacts of progressive reduction and exchange 82 4.5. Widely traded Safety Harbor pottery 84 4.6. Safety Harbor Incised vessels incorporating effigies of fluted gourds 88 5.1. Locations of Tampa Bay area archaeological sites 96 5.2. Frequency distribution of median radiocarbon dates 101 5.3. Temporal seriation of ceramics from selected sites 105 6.1. Location of select Swift Creek and Weeden Island ring middens in northwest coastal Florida 122 6.2. Strange’s Ring Midden surface topography and distributions of pottery, shell, and midden soils 128 6.3. Hare Hammock Ring, Harrison Ring Midden, and the Larger and Smaller Mounds at Hare Hammock 129 6.4. Weeden Island Series Decorated pottery distribution from systematic shovel test surveys at select sites 132 6.5. Cardinal orientations of Swift Creek and Weeden Island burial mounds and ring middens 136 7.1. The Lower Suwannee Archaeological Survey study area on the northern Gulf coast of Florida 147 7.2. Stratigraphic profiles of seven sites tested in the study area 150 7.3. Examples of U-shaped and other arcuate shell ridges in the Shell Mound tract 154 8.1. LiDAR and topographic map showing the various earthworks and features at Fort Center 164 8.2. LiDAR and topographic map showing the Great Circle Complex 169 8.3. Adjusted pollen diagram for Fort Center 171 9.1. Location of Rollins Shell Ring, Guana Shell Ring, and other shell-bearing sites 184 9.2. Comparison of the topography of the Rollins and Guana shell rings 189 9.3. Contour map of the Rollins Shell Ring 190 9.4. Contour map of the Guana Shell Ring 194 9.5. Complex incised designs from the Rollins and Guana shell rings 195 9.6. Differences in line execution in sherds found at the Rollins shell ring 196 9.7. Crosshatched designs from the Rollins and Guana shell rings 197 10.1. Sketch of the Miami Circle feature 204 10.2. Animal interments from the Miami Circle 205 10.3. Human skull with post mold stain, Barnhill Mound 210 10.4. Alligator interment, Palmer Burial Mound 211 10.5. A sample of animal imagery from southern Florida 215 11.1. Sites in the Apalachicola–lower Chattahoochee Valley region of northwest Florida 224 11.2 Chattahoochee Landing Mound 2 230 11.3. Comparison of ceramics from Middle Woodland and Fort Walton periods 237 viii Figures 12.1. Probable Weeden Island II and Suwannee Valley culture sites in North Florida 244 12.2. Artifact distributions based on interpolated counts from shovel tests at Parnell 251 12.3. Plan and profile diagrams of Feature 1 at Parnell 253 13.1. The Mill Cove Complex 265 13.2. Two topographic maps of Shields Mound 266 13.3. Archaic bannerstones from the Shields Mound 268 13.4. Possible Woodland period ground stone objects from the Grant Mound 268 13.5. Incised bone pendant from Kinzey’s Knoll 270 13.6. Cahokia Side-Notched points from Kinzey’s Knoll 271 ix Figures ...