Tracing Childhood: Bioarchaeological Investigations of Early Lives in Antiquity

Index

Index Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations. Abortion, 70, 101 Acculturation, 247 Adolescence, 49; growth stage, 2; independence , 193; life stage, 246; timing of, 19; transition to, 17, 183–84 Adoption, 31 Adulthood, 143, 238; childhood as practice for, 220; features, 29; idealization of, 71, 159; identity, 233, 236; preparing for, 160, 166; progress to, 1, 9; roles, 183; social, 194. See also Subadults African Americans: child labor, 172–73, 178; free children, 172 African Queen, 90–91 Afterbirth, 88 Age: Black Mesa study and, 203; Chinchorro mortuary practices and, 61, 64–66; dental, 19, 20; infanticide and, 103; Klunk 11C4092 , 21; Klunk 11C43-8, 24; Koster mound 5-27, 26; Loma San Gabriel Tepehuan and, 51–52; mortality at La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos, 46; perinatal mortality and, 126–27; Punta Teatinos study and, 188, 189, 192; purity and, 109; in ritual child sacrifice, 44–45, 46, 47; Spring Street Presbyterian Church study distribution, 146, 146; Tiwanaku study and, 233, 234, 235, 238 Agency, 2; of children, 139, 152; examination of, 142; ideas, 248; social, 76; trends, 220 Aggression, 111, 224 Andean childhood, 228; body-soul connection , 231; child circulation, 239; childrearing practices, 230; fetus to baby transition, 229–30; food and, 230–31; haircutting , 230; social constructs of, 229–31, 240; social identity, 230; threats to, 231. See also Chinchorro mortuary practices Anemia, 204; Black Mesa study, 208–9, 211; megaloblastic, 219; Tiwanaku study, 234, 238 Angelito, 88 Anjinhos, 88, 92 Anthropology: biological and cultural, 247–48; growing up in, 246–48; literature, 5; questions , 10; social, 99 Archaeology: BMAP, 203; of childhood, 1; children as unknowable in, 4; Hambleden case study celebrity, 131; infanticide in records, 126. See also Bioarchaeology Ariés, P., 160, 252 Aristotle, 87 Arroyo Hondo Pueblo study, 224–26 Arsenic, 70 Ashkelon case study: characteristics, 129; DNA analysis, 130; infanticide victims, 130–31; sewer constructions, 129–30 Asphyxia, 129 Aspoeck, E., 75 Aztec ritual child sacrifice, 48–49, 108–9 Battering, 23 Bioarchaeology, 2, 252–53; aim of, 10–11; integrative approach, 10; methods, 42; questions addressed by, 11; reconstructing lives, 37; tracing children, 5–10 Biological anthropology, 247–48 Biology: childhood and, 3; of children, 5 Biosocial approach, 249 264 · Index Birth: afterbirth, 88; complications, 127–28; premature, 70; rebirth, 52 Black Mesa Archaeological Project (BMAP), 203 Black Mesa study: age and, 203; anemia, 208–9, 211; child health and, 209–10, 250–51; child labor and, 202–3; ecosystem, 201; food-sharing networks and, 210; lesion scoring system, 205; maize and, 209; periosteal reaction, 206, 207, 208, 210, 212; porotic hyperostosis and, 203–8, 207, 210, 212; settlement patterns , 201–2; transmissible disease and, 211; womanpower and, 210; working-class and, 200, 203, 212 Bludgeoning, 113 Body: body reform movement, 150; body-soul connection, 231; growing, 249; study, 185. See also Little bodies Brain growth, 183–84, 193 Breastfeeding, 1, 49, 51, 209 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, 127 Brothels, 101, 104, 130, 133 Bundle burials, 25, 39. See also Funerary bundles Burials: bundle, 25, 39; La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos, 43, 45, 48; deviant, 76, 78, 91, 92; Greek infant, 128; Klunk 11C40-92, 23–24; Klunk 11C43-8, 25–26; Koster mound 5-27, 28; Loma San Gabriel Tepehuan bundle, 42; Loma San Gabriel Tepehuan sites, 39; other, 76, 78, 85–86; perinatal mortality and, 128–29; practices, 7; war battle, 112–13. See also Tombs; Torre de Palma burials Canon law, 86, 91 Carthage ritual child sacrifice, 109–11 Catholic theology, 7, 86 Cave of the Little Dead Ones, 41–42 Čepin, 114 Child, 2; child circulation, 239; as hunter, 185–86; microcephalic, 17 Child abuse, 7; Klunk 11C40-92, 23; skeletal abuse, 5; Tiwanaku study and, 237 Child health, 198–99; Black Mesa study and, 209–10, 250–51; in little bodies, 250–51; Tiwanaku study and, 234 Childhood: archaeology of, 1; biology and, 3; European discovery of, 160–61; growth stage, 2; history of studies, 3–5; indenture and, 177; laboring class in Virginia, 161–63; as practice for adulthood, 220; social constructs, 3, 185, 247; social meaning, 250; surviving, 252. See also Adulthood; Andean childhood Child labor, 7, 149; African Americans, 172–73, 178; Black Mesa study and, 202–3; European discovery of childhood, 160–61; New York slaves, 167–68; occupations, 172–74; Virginia childhood laboring class, 161–63, 251; Virginia enslavement, wealth and, 163–67 Childrearing practices: Andean childhood, 230; Tiwanaku study, 229 Children: adult roles in Spring Street Presbyterian Church...