Florida Sinkholes: Science and Policy

List of Illustrations

Illustrations Figures 1.1. Seffner, Florida, sinkhole 2 1.2. A sinkhole-damaged home 6 1.3. The Winter Park Sinkhole 7 1.4. Florida billboard advertisement for sinkhole help 9 1.5. Florida water management districts 13 1.6. Kentucky sinkhole 15 2.1. Geologic Time Scale 22 2.2. Geologic map of the state of Florida 26 2.3. Diagram of sinkhole forms 29 3.1. Coastal plains of the southeastern United States 33 3.2. Satellite image of Florida 35 3.3. Major ridges of Florida 37 3.4. The Everglades 38 3.5. Map of the Ten Thousand Islands area 39 3.6. Tampa sinkhole swarm 42 3.7. Famous gypsum stack sinkhole collapse 48 3.8. Major sinkholes in Lake County 61 4.1. Spring in the Ocala National Forest 75 4.2. Wakulla Springs in Tallahassee 81 4.3. Lake Jackson and Lake Iamonia 84 4.4. Big Bend region 88 5.1. Paynes Prairie 110 5.2. Devil’s Millhopper 116 5.3. Northern Pinellas County 118 5.4. A 1926 sinkhole map of Pinellas County 121 5.5. Sulphur Springs in Tampa 129 5.6. Spring Hill, site of numerous sinkholes 132 6.1. GPR system 139 6.2. Post-development satellite image of northern Pinellas County 148 7.1. Diagram of raveling process 166 7.2. Collapse of a section of the Lee Roy Selmon Expressway 176 7.3. Water-retention pond 184 7.4. Florida cypress dome 187 7.5. Florida cave 191 7.6. Florida cave marked with graffiti 192 8.1. GPR readout showing the location of a sinkhole 205 8.2. GPR operating near a sinkhole 206 Tables 4.1. Tree island classification scheme 105 6.1. Morphometric analysis types 143 7.1. Costs of sinkhole-related losses by year, 1987–1991 172 Illustrations x ...