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Index
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Index Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations. Abu-Lughod, Lila, 99–100, 198n20 Ache foragers, 165, 166, 167, 170, 202n86 Africa, 118, 158, 162, 165, 166, 167, 170 African infertility belt, 170 Agency: consanguineous marriage structure, meaning and, 95–109; structuralism and, 101; of Third World women, 94 Agnatic kinship, 98, 190n9 Agricultural economy, 39, 184n28; French Mandate period and, 27, 28; sedentarization and, 170, 202n86 Agropastoralists, 4, 24, 29, 129, 167 Ahmed, Leila, 73–74 Aka Pygmies, 166, 167–68 Algeria, 54–55 Allocative resources, 86 Amish, 126 Anabaptist Hutterites, 6–7, 126, 131 Anthropological demography, 135–36; biodemography compared with, 3; critical theory and, 9; interdisciplinary collaboration in, 10, 11, 182n20 Anthropology: critical medical, 10–11; essentializing trends in, 16–17; interdisciplinary collaboration in, 10, 11, 182n20 Anti-Semitism, dialogic repression and, 68, 187n40 Arab societies: fertility in, 37; misconceptions about, 5; stereotypes of, 178. See also Bedouin, Bekaa Valley; Bedouin Arabs Argumentum ad temperantiam, 163 Arranged marriage, 83, 92–93, 115, 190n2 Autonomy, in marriage, 92–93 Balanced rivalry, 69 Barakāt, Abu, 45–46 Bavaria, 149–50 Bedouin, Bekaa Valley: BMI status by age and gender, 124–25; description, 6; dialect, 44; femininity, 78; historical estimates of fertility , 33–35, 34; identity sources for, 49–50; in Nomadic fertility distribution, 166, 167; political autonomy of, 158, 199n29; TCFR, 32–33, 35, 36, 128; TPFR, 33, 35, 36, 128, 176. See also Bedouin-peasant divisions; French Mandate period; Marriage; Nomadism , Bekaa Bedouin; Pastoralism; Settlement and assimilation Bedouin Arabs: Arabic word for, 25; citizenship, 37–38, 56; reduced mobility of, 27, 31; social economy of, 5 Bedouin-peasant divisions: context for, 46; dialogic repression in, 68, 187n40; economic disparities, 71–72; exploitation, 45; in fertility , 53–54, 55; health status, 54; peasant antipathy, 42–43; tribal affiliation and, 68–71, 187n40. See also Class differentiation, Bedouin-peasant Bekaa Valley: Bekaa term, 26–27; causes of death in, 68, 187n39; demographic composition of, 38; dwellings, 22; economic trend, 32; fertility rate in, 53–54; health challenges in, 54; irrigation , 27; labor force reliant on agriculture in, 39, 184n29, 184n30; personal account of time in, 20–23; population, 37, 184n19; return trip to, 21–22; size and description, 26; territory changes in, 27–28. See also Bedouin, Bekaa Valley; Nomadism, Bekaa Bedouin; Pastoralism Belgium, 134 Bible. See Old Testament Biocultural synthesis, 10, 11 Biodemography, 3, 11, 160 Biogenetic factors, 4, 65–66 Index 226 Biology: culture and, 104; debate over role of, 9–10; kinship and, 98, 190n9; misapplication of, 11 Birth: defects, 67; live births and survivors by occupation, 63; mean live births by marriage type, 88; peasant midwifery at, 85; spacing, 66, 80, 93, 127, 186n33, 187n35 Blood, metaphysical meaning of, 108 Body mass index (BMI), 124–25, 194n45 Botswana, 159–60, 162, 168, 170 Bourdieu, Pierre, 99–100 Bradburd, Daniel, 154–55 Breastfeeding: as contraception, 91, 93; crossnursing , 70–71; duration, 93; health benefits of, 70–71; infant mortality and, 120, 146, 177; interruption of, 127 Bride price, 97 Bride-to-be, suicide by, 115 British-India, 124, 193n39 Camping units, 24, 25 Capitalism, 111–12, 129, 174, 179–80, 202n5, 203n6 Caste differentials, 138–40 Census of 1932, 28 Center-periphery system, 174, 202n5 Central African Republic, 165, 166, 167 Childbearing, class tensions and, 55–56 Child health, 81, 189n28; class disparities in, 158–59, 199n33 Child mortality. See Infant and child mortality Children: as burden, 85; child labor, 62, 82; community raising of, 84–85; companionship provided by, 82, 87; economic benefits of, 82; gender preference of parents, 81; naming of, 44–45; of patriparallel cousins, 104; stunting and dehydration in, 54 China, 123–24, 143–44, 173, 193n36, 196n57 Christian refugees, 27 Citizenship, 37–38, 56 Civilizing mission, 15, 118 Class differentiation, Bedouin-peasant, 31–32, 72; absence of tensions, 69; childbearing and, 55–56; child mortality and, 63–64; colonialism as cause of, 54–55; cultural differences and, 42–50, 185n3, 185n4; economic markings of, 50, 50–53, 51, 52. See also Egalitarianism Class disparity, 50, 50–53, 51, 52, 142; caste and, 138–40; child health not linked to, 158, 199n33; of demographic regimes, 133, 135–36; economic and, 50, 50–53, 51, 52; in European demographic transitions, 133–38; geographic divisions and, 161; Italian fertility decline and, 136–38; land ownership basis of, 64; micro-{#}and macrodemographics and, 145–46; in Middle-East pastoralist groups, 157; in nomadic societies, 15, 154–71, 158–60, 199n33; pretransitional, 139–45, 195n42, 196n48...