The Abolition of Slavery in Ottoman Tunisia

Index

Index Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations and tables. Abduction, 95, 99–100, 121. See also Kidnapping; Ransoms Aberdeen, George-Hamilton Gordon, 89, 91, 95, 98–99; Reade letters to, 151–53 'Abid, 99, 125, 126; 'abid al-mazlumin, 108; nazilat al-'abid, 86; qaid al- 'abid, 49. See also Slaves Abi Menadi, Hage Ahmed Bin al-Hage Muhammad, 95 Abolition, xvi, xix; Ahmad Bey announcement to consuls, 156; Ahmad Bey measures, 9, 57, 59, 63–64, 79– 83, 84–85, 88; arguments in context, 104–5; BFASS and, 74–78, 111–14; caravan slave trade prohibition, 84; completion steps, 1842–1846, 88–91; debate, xv; degrading treatment of slaves, 106–9; economic and political transformations, 8; Edict of 1845, 93–95; Edict of 1846, 101–4, 120; European consulates and, 91–93; European pressure, 4; eve of, 96–101; France and, 87, 93; opposition, 90; primacy of beylik and, 109–11; Reade measures, 79–83, 113; Reade report on final, 98–99, 101; Richardson and, 74–75, 87–88, 111; slave acquisition methods, 105–6; slavery suppression, 1841–1845, 74–79; Tunisian model, 5, 134–36; Tunis slave market, 1841, 84–88 Abolition, aftermath: Bin Diyaf and, 123–24; Husaynid ruling class and, 120–23; overview, 115; provincial and local authorities’ responses, 124–30; religious responses, 115–20 Abolition Act of 1807, xv 'Adl, 2, 85, 102, 108 The African Slave Trade (Buxton), 74 The African Slave Trade and Its Remedy (Buxton), 74 Aga, Ismael, 53 Age of Maritime Commerce, 131 Agricultural communities, xviii Agricultural production, 31, 126 Ahmad Baba, 104, 116 Ahmad Bey, xvi, xvii; abolition announcement to consuls, 156; abolition measures, 9, 57, 59, 63–64, 79–83, 84–85, 88; Austrian consul and, 110–11; beylical decrees, 2; BFASS letter to, 150; BFASS praising , 112; character, 124; circulars, 93, 98; court of, 92; dispatch to Reade, 154–55; freeing black slaves, 84; illness , 122–23; influence, 89; letter of resolve, 96–97; letter to Richardson, 149; Majlis and, 121; motives and justifications, 135–36; public interest 198 · Index and, 103; public opinion and, 86; Reade letter to, 155–57; Reade monitoring , 86–87, 89–90, 94; reign of, 124; slave owners and, 119; strategic persuasion policy, 119; support for, 91 Aïr-Ghat-Ghadames route, 65–66 Ali, Mohamed, 4, 75, 88 Ali Bey I, 25–26 Ali Bey II, 26–27, 28–29; crop policies, 52; financial crisis and, 36; reign, 133 AMASS. See Anglo-Maltese Anti-Slavery Society Andalusians, 18, 24 Anderson, Lisa, 5 Anglo-Maltese Anti-Slavery Society (AMASS), 77, 88, 113–14, 134 Anonymous treatise strategy, 113–14 Antislavery, xv; AMASS, 77, 88, 113–14, 134; discourse, xvii; General Convention of the Great Anti-Slavery Societies, 111–12; Islam and, xixn4; movements, 4; Ottoman Empire, xvii; societies, 99, 134. See also Abolition; British Foreign and Anti-Slavery Society Arab provinces, xv, xvii–xix Astion, Constantine Laranzaan, 53 Asylum, 92–93, 108 Atlantic commerce, 132 Atlantic slave trade, xv; Saharan-Atlantic divide, 6–11; trans-Saharan slave trade and, 5 Augustan age of Tunisia, 29 Austen, Ralph, 3, 6, 70, 132 Austrian consul: Ahmad Bey and, 110–11; runaway slaves and, 113 al-Aziz, Ibn Abd, 28 Bagnios (prisons), 13, 16–17 Barth, Heinrich, 81–82, 126 Bash 'Agha, 91, 109 Baynes, Edward, 121–23 al-Baza'a, Muhammad, 53–54, 60 Berbers, 21–22 Beylerbeyis (military commanders), 11; corsairing, 13; lax nature, 15 Beylical decrees, 2, 147 Beylik: authorities, 100, 109–10, 129; bankrupting, 2; corsairing encouraged , 32; income, 33; political interests , 135–36; primacy of, 109–11; prosperity, 25, 38; public interest, 103, 135; Sublime Porte and, 81; treasury, 84 BFASS. See British Foreign and AntiSlavery Society Bidwell, John, 78 Bilad al-Sudan, 104, 116 Bin Ayyad, Hmida, 32 Bin Ayyad, Mahmud, 1–2, 57, 76; freeing slaves, 90 Bin Diyaf, 42, 84–85, 98–99; abolition aftermath and, 123–24; chief scribe, 101, 123; emancipation and, 130; reports from, 109, 114, 119, 123, 126–27 Bin Ra'is, Sidi Mustapha Ibrahim, 113 Bin Salama, Muhammad, 119 Bint Ali, Mariam, 53 Black slavery, 13–14, 22–24, 98; Ahmad Bey freeing slaves, 84; conduct toward, 104; Hammuda Pasha and, 42, 70; market, 39; status, 116; Sudan, 102, 104; Temple on, 61 Blaquière, Edward, 7, 46, 61 Bombard Ian Nicolas, 54–55, 75 Bonaparte, Napoleon, xviii, 13, 30–31, 133 Bori, xxii, 45, 169, 189, 193 Borno, 38–39, 41–42; slave source, 104, 123; travel to, 66, 69; warfare...