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Illustrations Map 1. The Caribbean Islands xiv Figure 1.1. Cynthia Oliver 5 Figure 1.2. Caryn Hodge and performers of Rigidigidim De Bamba De rehearsing in New York 9 Figure 3.1. Belkis Quintana and Annier Sanchez of Rumba Morena performing guaguancó in Havana, August 2007 38 Figure 3.2. Pierre and Lavelle, 1938 43 Figure 4.1. Ramiro Guerra on his apartment terrace in Havana 54 Figure 4.2. From Ramiro Guerra’s De la Memoria Fragmentada 59 Figure 6.1. Hebioso’s stones inside the bowl in Perico 72 Figure 6.2. Altar to Hebioso in Perico 72 Figure 6.3. Hilda Zulueta in today’s Ducaqué 75 Figure 6.4. Justo Zulueta’s altar in Perico 76 Figure 6.5. Melao Fernández in Agramonte 78 Figure 7.1. Cutumba performing Tumba Francesa 84 Figure 7.2. Grupo Folklórico Thomson performing gagá 91 Figure 8.1. Jonkunnu group on parade (2001) 113 Figure 8.2. Queenie’s Kumina Group, Waterloo, St. Catherine (1989) 119 Figure 9.1. Dancer Shelly Belly poses with a female friend 139 Figure 9.2. Dancer in the groove at Dutty Fridaze, September 2007 143 Figure 9.3. Swizzle Body Girls take center stage at Dutty Fridaze 147 Figure 10.1. Gome drum, two views 154 Figure 10.2. Isaac Akrong playing the Gome drum 156 Figure 11.1. Djenane St. Juste appearing as Simbi Dlo 166 Figure 11.2. Djenane St. Juste, Emmanuel Louis, and Celia Weiss Bambara in Chimin Kwaze 172 Figure 11.3. Dancers in Florencia Pierre’s company JAKA’s Chimin Kwaze 173 Figure 12.1. The misterio Metresilí being trained in public by San Miguel 182 Figure 12.2. General possession on the day of St. John the Baptist at La Agüita de Liborio sacred spring in La Maguana 187 x Illustrations Figure 12.3. The first and most sacred drum piece, “Cautivos son,” at the chapel of the Brotherhood of the Holy Spirit, Las Matas de Farfán 188 Figure 12.4. San Miguel possessing the sponsor of a Vodú festival 191 Figure 12.5. Metresilí dances to nonliturgical Salves in the sponsor’s folk chapel 195 Figure 12.6. San Juan Bautista in a vow-based festival in his honor 196 Figure 13.1. Noelia Holguín and Gustavo Adolfo Fernández dancing the son 200 Figures 14.1. and 14.2. Photographs shot by the audience with disposable cameras at The Land Columbus Loved Best 206 Figure 15.1. Viveca Vázquez and Taller de Otra Cosa in Mascando inglés 216 Figure 15.2. Lienzos (Canvases) (2003) performed by Andanza 223 Figure 16.1. Woodford Hill Bele Group performing bele at Heritage Day in La Plaine, Dominica 233 Figure 16.2. Tete Morne Cultural Group performing the malengé in the quadrille n 239 Figure 16.3. Petite Savanne Cultural Group performing the malengé in the quadrille 240 Figure 17.1. Tania Isaac 248 Figures 18.1. and 18.2. The Barbados Landship Association performing at the Oistins Fish Festival in Barbados in 2008 274 Figure 19.1. Dancer Matilda Noel and drummer Caddie Lazarus John 287 Figure 20.1. Hazel Franco in the joropo 311 Figure 20.2. Dancer Natakie Punter in the bele 317 ...

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