Bioarchaeology and Identity in the Americas

Index

Abscess. See Dental abscess Admixture, 222. See also Gene flow; Intermarriage Adobe, 133 African slave, 144 Age: biological age, 1, 38; social age, 1, 31, 38 Age-at-death, estimate of, 31, 32, 36, 163, 167, 168 Age category, 25, 28 Age determination, 6, 159, 160 Age-gender relationship, 31 Age-gender-sex distinction, 32 Age identity, 6, 7, 26, 30, 33, 34, 35, 38, 47 Agency, 14, 43, 46, 47, 128, 145, 156, 212 Agricultural resources, 105, 106, 122, 143 Agricultural settlement, 105 Agricultural transition, 2 Agriculture, 33 Alabama, 65 Alachua Prairie, 73 Algarrobo, 133 Algodonal Early Ceramics, 105, 107 Altiplano, 105, 106, 119, 196, 198, 203, 204, 233 Alto Ramírez, 109, 111, 112, 114, 115 Altun Ha, 160, 163 Amazon, 30 Amazonia Basin, 95 Amazonian Trade, 95 Amerindian, 82, 94 Ancestors, 5, 38, 46, 86, 143, 231, 233 Ancestral land, 133 Ancient DNA, 6, 60, 120. See also Anthropological genetics; Modern DNA Andes, 11, 13, 15, 95, 109, 132, 143, 194; Central Cordillera of, 86; Piedmont, 129; South Central, 103, 104, 105, 110, 113, 114, 127, 194, 197, 205, 216, 220, 222 Androcentrism, 30 Anglo-Saxon grave, 27, 39 Animating essence, 13, 177, 183, 184, 187 Index Annular, 178, 179, 217–22. See also Body modification , cranial; Circumferential Anthropological genetics, 10, 76 Apalachee, 62, 65, 67, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 Apo, 90 Archaeology of childhood, 34 Archaic Period, 30, 94, 105, 111, 112, 113, 114 Architecture, 24, 83, 84, 88, 90, 96, 133, 184, 186; monumental, 122, 129; residential, 4, 5, 107, 196, 204; ritual, 196; tomb, 198. See also Graves, architecture Arizona State University dental system, 109. See also Dental morphology Assertive stylistic element, 118, 122 Atacameños, 14, 212, 222 Atoyac, 160 Attrition, dental, 164, 165, 167 Augustinian, 145. See also Catholic church Axis mundi, 142, 145 Azapa site, 109, 111, 112, 114, 115 Azapa Valley, 9, 104, 109, 110, 113, 114 Aztec, 181, 184 Baltic, 31 Baptism, 181 Barrio. See Ethnic enclave Barth, Fredrik, 4, 27, 85, 122 Basketry, 4 Belize, 12, 29, 155, 156, 160, 161, 163, 182, 186, 187 Bioarchaeology: benefit of the approach, 1, 5, 6, 12, 15, 59, 67, 127, 195, 204, 232; history of, 2, 2, 24–26, 30, 33, 34, 146, 231; landscape, 158 Biodistance analysis, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14, 27, 76, 83, 91, 92, 109, 110, 113, 114, 116, 120, 121, 194, 198, 201 Biodistance data, 27, 60, 96, 103, 117, 233. See also Arizona State University dental system; Craniometric data; Dental metrics; Dental morphology; Odontometry; Phenotypic data; Tooth size 240 / Index Biogeochemistry. See Isotope analysis Biological identity, 12, 16, 144, 157, 198 Biosocial collapse, 139 Blackware, 105 Body manipulation, 6, 11, 27, 214, 223. See also Body modification; Manipulated remains Body modification, 6, 27, 37, 158; cranial, 5, 6, 13–15, 27, 29, 33, 157, 169, 170, 172, 177–80, 182, 184, 187, 194, 195, 198, 200, 201, 204, 212–24, 232–34; dental, 5, 182; and soul loss, 183, 184. See also Annular; Body manipulation ; Circumferential; Manipulated remains; Tabular Body ornamentation, 4 Bolivia, 105, 196, 197, 213, 216 Bone chemistry, 27, 33, 233. See also Carbon isotope analysis; Nitrogen isotope analysis; Oxygen isotope analysis; Strontium isotope analysis Botanical offering, 121 Boudicca, 30 Bourdieu, Pierre, 28, 33, 86, 122, 128, 171 Breastfeeding, 160 Buccolingual, 66 Burial: delayed, 138; orientation, 198, 203; shroud, 136; taphonomy, 138 Cajamarca, 132 Cajamarca III ceramics, 87, 95 Calculus. See Dental calculus Camelid, 84 Capitalist economy, 84 Carbon isotope analysis, 108, 162. See also Bone chemistry; Nitrogen isotope analysis Caries. See Dental caries Catarpe phase, 14, 212 Catchment area, 67 Catholic church, 11, 69, 70, 71, 127, 133, 135, 142 Catignano I, 36 Cemeteries, 32, 42, 47, 113, 116, 117, 120, 121, 138, 141, 147, 194, 196, 198, 201, 203, 224; structure, 27, 233 Central America, 3, 12 Ceramics, 4, 32, 84, 103, 184, 201 Ceramic seriation, 108 Cerro Baúl, 106 Chachapoya, 9, 10, 82, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 96, 97, 234 Chancay, 131, 219 Charlestown, 65, 66 Chattahoochee River, 66 Chau Hiix, 160, 163 Chen Chen, 14, 104, 106, 111, 112, 194, 196–200, 203, 204, 233; style, 105, 106, 116, 118–20, 198 Cherokee, betrayal of Creek, 66 Chicama Valley, 132 Chicha, 135 Childbirth, 168, 177, 181 Child rearing ceremony, 13 Chile, 9, 14, 27, 33, 109, 194, 195, 197, 201, 212, 215, 216, 219, 222, 223, 233 Chillaos, 88 Chimú, 12, 129, 132, 144 Chinchorro, 105, 109, 111–15...