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Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction: T. Thomas Fortune the Afro-American Agitator xi Brief Chronology of Fortune’s Life xxxix Prescript: “Our Fortune” xlii Part 1. Politics, Economics, and Education 1 1. Who Will Own the Soil of the South in the Future (1883) 3 2. Status of the Race (1883) 6 3. The Civil Rights Decision (1883) 15 4. Between Two Fires (1883) 18 5. A New Party/But It Will Be! (1884) 24 6. The Negro in Politics (1886) 27 7. Negrowump (1886) 74 8. The Kind of Education the Afro-American Most Needs (1898) 85 9. The Negro’s Place in American Life at the Present Day (1903) 92 10. The Voteless Citizen (1904) 103 Part 2. Civil Rights and Race Leadership 113 11. The Virtue of Agitation (1883) 115 12. Civil Rights and Social Privileges (1886) 118 13. Afro-American League Convention Speech (1890) 134 14. Are We Brave Men or Cowards? (1894) 153 15. Mob Law in the South (1897) 158 16. Immorality of Southern Suffrage Legislation (1898) 165 17. False Theory of Education Cause of Race Demoralization (1904) 171 18. Failure of the Afro-American People to Organize (1906) 180 19. The Breath of Agitation Is Life (1914) 184 20. The Quick and the Dead (1916) 192 21. A Man without a Country (1926) 201 22. Segregation and Neighborhood Agreements (1926) 203 Part 3. Race and the Color Line 207 23. John Brown and Nat. Turner (1889) 209 24. The Color Line (1883) 212 25. The Afro-American (1890) 215 26. Whose Problem Is This? (1894) 221 27. The Latest Color Line (1897) 230 28. Race Absorption (1901) 237 29. Who Are We? Afro-Americans, Colored People or Negroes? (1906) 248 30. We Must Make Literature to Make Public Opinion (1924) 253 31. Separate the Douglass and Lincoln Birthdays (1928) 255 Part 4. Africa, Emigration, and Colonialism 257 32. The World in Africa (1885) 259 33. An African Empire (1887) 261 34. Will the Afro-Americans Return to Africa? (1892) 264 35. The Nationalization of Africa (1895) 271 Postscript 281 Selected Bibliography of Fortune’s Writings 283 Selected Bibliography for Further Reading 287 Index 291 ...

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