Packaged Vacations: Tourism Development in the Spanish Caribbean

Notes

Notes Introduction 1. FCR, “Castro Speech at the Inauguration of the Cienega de Zapata National Park.” 2. Medina and Santamarina provide an excellent architectural description of the cabanas at Guamá and Playa Girón in Turismo de naturaleza en Cuba, 164–167, 178–180. 3. CEPAL, “Turismo.” 4. See, for example, Villamil, “Impacto del turismo.” 5. See Merrill, “Negotiating Cold War Paradise,” 2. 6. This study is not an analysis of tourism development in the broader Caribbean. The analytical focus remains on the larger, Spanish-speaking Antilles islands and Mexico. These four political entities share a similar window for initiating serious tourism development, mainly between the late 1940s and 1970s. 7. Historian Lester Langley introduced me to the applicability of chaos theory to history. 8. Healy, as quoted in Wilkinson, Tourism Policy, 6. 9. The scholarship of the history of tourism development continues to grow, not only for the Caribbean but also throughout the world. In the Caribbean basin (including Florida), see Foglesong, Married to the Mouse. Foglesong examines the partnership between Disney and local and state governments in creating and operating Disney World. More recently, Mormino’s Land of Sunshine explores the evolution of tourism development in the post–World War II era in Florida. One of the most elegant treatments of tourism development in the Caribbean is Schwartz’s Pleasure Island. Schwartz illustrates the role that government and business decisions on the local level in Havana played in creating the image of a cultured and then more vulgar tourist pole in the first half of the twentieth century. Berger examines early Mexican state tourism promotion in Pyramids by Day. 196 10. Ioannides examines the evolution of centralized hotel and tourist zones in decentralized locations in the Mediterranean, citing Palma de Mallorca as one example , in “Tourism Development,” 75–78. The metropolitan evolution of a peripheral tourism pole landed Cancún in an anthology focused on urban tourism. See Hiernaux-Nicolas, “Cancún Bliss,” 124–142. 11. See Potter, Room with a World View, 8–57. 12. Soriano Frade offers an excellent narrative history of tourism development in Mallorca in his Pequeña historia del turismo. 13. Seguí Llinas, Les Baleares, 8. 14. I want to thank Francesca Rainieri and Frank Elías Rainieri, both of Grupo Puntacana, and Alberto Freitas, formerly with the company, for their input on why Spanish and other European-based companies have done so well in the Caribbean. 15. See Hayes, Beauty, Health, and Permanence. 16. Sans, Alvaro Sans. 17. FCR, “President Fidel Castro’s Children’s Day Speech.” 18. Tewarie, “Development of a Sustainable Tourism,” 41. 19. Wilkinson, Tourism Policy, 5. Prologue 1. See Crystal, “Alexander Girard’s Dream Village”; see also Gueft, “Inn of the Sun,” 88–99. 2. Wilhelm, John Wilhelm’s Guide to Mexico, 20. 3. The Braniff Pages catalog Calder’s artistry. 4. Romero, My Mexico City and Yours, 140–143. 5. Willy, “Continental Hilton,” 19. Chapter 1. The Rockefellers 1. Rockefeller, “Memorandum on Post-War Planning.” 2. Bottome, “Report Concerning the Construction and Operation of a Hotel in Caracas.” 3. Ibid. 4. Abramovitz to Harrison and Fouilhoux, March 2, 1940. 5. Lane to Bottome, n.d. 6. Coles to Turnbull, January 12, 1945. 7. Coles to Turnbull, November 30, 1945. 8. Coles to Nelson A. Rockefeller, August 17, 1942. 9. Robbins to Nelson A. Rockefeller, March 1, 1940. 10. Coles to Turnbull, December 28, 1942. 11. Coles to Turnbull, June 24, 1946. 12. Coles to Turnbull, October 22, 1945. 13. Coles, “Notes on Venezuelan Revolution.” 14. “A Is for Avila.” 15. Winks, Laurance S. Rockefeller, 67, 68. Notes to Pages xix–15 197 16. Ibid., 56. 17. “Resort Building in Undeveloped Areas,” 102. 18. Winks, Laurance S. Rockefeller, 62. 19. Kaplan, “Rockefeller Offers U.S. a Virgin Island Park.” 20. RRI, “Fact Sheet: Dorado Beach Hotel and Golf Club.” 21. RRI, Press Release, August 2, 1954. 22. Fields, “Only Human.” 23. RRI, “Fact Sheet: Caneel Bay Plantation.” 24. RRI, “Fact Sheet: Dorado Beach Hotel and Golf Club.” 25. Ibid. 26. RRI, “Fact Sheet: Caneel Bay Plantation.” 27. RRI, “Fact Sheet: Dorado Beach Hotel and Golf Club.” 28. Kennedy, “Puerto Rico,” 299. Chapter 2. Conrad Hilton 1. See Hilton, “Un Hotel Continental.” Portions of this speech are also quoted in Hilton, Be My Guest, 266. 2. Fortune Magazine eds., Changing American Market, 200–213. 3. Romoli, Colombia, 209. 4. Houser, “Statement to the Committee on Foreign Affairs...