America's Hundred Years' War: U.S. Expansion to the Gulf Coast and the Fate of the Seminole, 1763–1858

Index

Abiaka/Abiákî, 140, 148, 171–72 Abolition/abolitionists, 199, 200 Abraham, 166, 167, 191, 212, 213 Adams, John Quincy, 97, 110, 123; and acquisition of Florida, 68, 70, 72, 91, 93, 94, 98, 117; and Britain’s mediation offer, 70; and British activities in Florida, 66, 68–69; concern about war with Britain, 69–70; and Jackson’s plans to invade Florida, 80; negotiations with Onis, 68, 72; reaction to Jackson’s invasion, 110; reaction to Nicholls’s activities, 65–66; on Rhea letter, 123; on roots of First Seminole War, 88–90; on selfdefense , 78 Adams-Onis Treaty, 93, 94, 98 African Americans. See Blacks; Black Seminoles; Slaves Ahaye, 42 Alabama, 244–45 Alachua: influence of, 41; loyalties of, 42; neutrality policy of, 43–44, 46; relations with Mikasuki, 45–47; relations with Spanish, 43; in War of 1812, 47–48. See also Payne Alachua County, Fla., 146 Alaqua massacre, 246–47, 252 Allen, James, 33, 34–35 Alligator, 131, 140 Alvord, Benjamin, 197 Ambrister, Robert Chrystie, 75, 80, 81–82, 83, 84, 86, 89, 92, 109–10, 114 Amelia Island, 72, 105 American Revolution: East Florida during, 27; fear after, 25. See also Loyalists Anglophobia: Arbuthnot, Alexander: and borders , 95; and British intrigue, 78; continued after acquisition of Florida, 93–94; continued after Treaty of Ghent, 66–67; and efforts Index Page numbers in italic refer to illustrations to prevent Britain’s acquisition of Florida, 56–57; and First Seminole War, 55; Jackson’s, 60–61; role in U.S. negotiations for Florida, 70. See also Ambrister, Robert Chrystie Apalachicola Indians, 250 Apalachicola River, 76–77, 105, 130 Apodaca, Juan Ruiz, 70 Arbuckle, Mathew, 76 Arbuthnot, Alexander, 73–75, 80, 81, 82–83, 84, 86, 88–89, 92, 109–10, 114 Armed Occupation Act, 150 Armistead, Walker K., 148–49 Armstrong, John, 78 Army, 130. See also Military Arpeika, 171–72 Assimilation, 191, 254 Atkinson, Henry, 95 Auld Lang Syne Plantation, 131 Aury, Luis-Michel, 72 An authentic narrative of the Seminole war (Blanchard), 181–82, 182, 188, 196 Authentic and Impartial Narrative of the Tragical Scene Which Was Witnessed in Southampton County (Warner), 181, 188–90, 196, 197 Bank of the State of South Carolina, 211 Barr, James, 194–95 Barreto, Lorenzo, 35 Barrow, John, 189 Bartram, William, 42 Bassinger, Lieutenant, 194, 195 Bathurst, Lord, 65 Baton Rouge, 56 Benton, Thomas Hart, 150 Big Warrior, 59 Billy Bowlegs, 186 Black Codes, 187 272 / Index Blacks: Black Seminoles, 191, 192; comments on savagery of, 198; in Dade Massacre, 194; fear of, 198–203; whites’ desire to remove from Florida, 192–93. See also Abraham; Maroons; Slave revolts; Slaves Black Seminoles, 191, 192. See also Abraham Black Water incident, 243–44, 245 Blanchard, Daniel F., 181, 182, 196 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 129 Bonelli family, 46, 47 Bonifay, Joseph, 242 Border: and continued Anglophobia, 95; securing of, 91; U.S. desire to secure, 96–97 Border, Canadian, 86, 129 Border, Florida: American troops on, 33; claims over, 26; creation of, 27; Gaines’s attempt to pacify, 105; with Georgia, 25–26, 30–31; refusal to tolerate British influence on, 72; and slave sanctuary policy, 35–37; and Treaty of New York, 36 Bowlegs/Boleck, 46, 83 Bowlegs Town, 81 Bowles, William Augustus, 44–45, 45 Brackenridge, Henry M., 237–38 Brisbane, Abbot H., 213, 214, 217, 223 British. See Great Britain Brown, Jacob, 252 Brown, Leavin, 245, 246, 247 Bull, William A., 213, 218, 223, 227 Burton, Vernon, 210 Butler, Pierce Mason: absence of, 218–19; blame of federal officers, 224, 225–26; career of, 210–11; in Eustis’s testimony, 209–10; extreme views of, 210; focus on gubernatorial election, 224–25; in gubernatorial election, 227–28; Hammond on, 229; interest in adjutant general office, 224; in Mexican War, 229–30; in mounted regiment, 214; return to South Carolina, 220, 224; rewriting of service in Second Seminole War, 230; Second Seminole War record of, 225–26 Caesar, John, 191 Calhoun, John C., 108; Anglophobia of, 94–95; concern with Jackson’s actions, 88; handling of Jackson’s letter, 107–8; Jackson’s communication with, 85; and Jackson’s insubordination , 104; orders to Gaines, 90, 106, 107; orders to Jackson, 106, 108; reaction to Jackson’s invasion, 110; reading of Jackson’s letter, 107; relation with Jackson, 119–22, 123; and Scott massacre, 105–6; in South Carolina politics, 211, 228 Call, Richard Keith, 80, 129, 131, 132, 137–38, 147, 150, 169, 238, 239, 245 Campaign planning, 156 Camp...