Bioarchaeology of East Asia: Movement, Contact, Health

List of Tables

Tables 3.1. Bronze Age samples 67 3.2. Iron Age samples 70 3.3. Medieval period samples 72 3.4. Dental traits scored 75 3.5. Dental mean measure of divergence, intraregional averages 76 3.6. Dental mean measure of divergence, interregional averages 77 4.1. Craniofacial data on archaeological populations from Mongolia (male) 94 4.2. Craniofacial data on archaeological populations from Mongolia (female) 96 4.3. Characteristics of the archaeological populations of Mongolia utilized in the study 99 5.1. Location and brief description of cranial samples from Mongolia 111 5.2. Location and sources of samples of Asian populations used for comparison 113 5.3. Incidence of cranial nonmetric traits recorded in the samples of ancient and modern Mongolian and Korean populations 116 5.4. Matrix of st-MMD values for ancient and modern Mongolian and Korean populations 118 5.5. Matrix of st-MMD values for archaeological and modern Asian populations 119 6.1. Paleopathological cases of bone tuberculosis previously reported from Japan 134 7.1. The 39 male cranial series used in the present study 148 7.2. Summary ranking of cranial measurements according to F-values received in the final step of discriminant function analysis (39 male groups, 24 measurements) 154 7.3. Eigenvalues, percentage of total dispersion, cumulative percentage of dispersion, and level of significance for 24 canonical variates (39 male groups, 24 measurements) 155 7.4. Canonical coefficients of 24 cranial measurements for the first three canonical variates (39 male groups) 156 7.5. Classification results (regular and jackknifed) arranged by groups with the best to the poorest results showing the percentage of correctly assigned cases 157 7.6. Some of the jackknifed classification results obtained from stepwise discriminant function analysis showing the cases reclassified at the end of the stepping process 159 7.7. The smallest Mahalanobis’ distances and level of significance for 39 male cranial groups using 24 measurements 166 8.1. Comparative prehistoric population samples 186 8.2. Comparative modern population samples 188 9.1. Demographic profiles of the sites analyzed 219 9.2. Age and sex profile 223 9.3. Summary of cranial and postcranial trauma 225 9.4. Fractures observed in long bone elements 227 9.5. Long bone trauma in individuals by site and age cohort 228 9.6. Long bone trauma by site and sex 228 9.7. Cranial trauma by site and age cohort 230 9.8. Nasal trauma by site and age cohort 230 9.9. Cranial and nasal trauma by site and sex 231 10.1. Sample sex and age composition for DJD analysis 249 10.2. Sample sex and age composition for dental pathology analysis 257 10.3. Mongol period: frequency of oral conditions by individual 259 11.1. Dental specimens used in the present study 269 11.2. Average tooth wear as determined in the present study 271 11.3. Average tooth wear at Xishan and other sites 273 12.1. Sex and age composition of the skeletal samples analyzed 295 12.2. Carious lesions and antemortem tooth loss in the Middle/Late Yangshao collections 296 12.3. Calculus accretion and bone manifestations of periodontal disease in the Middle/Late Yangshao collections 298 12.4. Special types of wear and dental traumas in the Middle/Late Yangshao collections 299 12.5. Effects of age at death, sex, and recovery at a specific site on the distribution of oral health indicators 300 13.1. Age at death distribution estimated for human remains from the Taojiazhai site 326 13.2. Linear bone fractures in the Taojiazhai series 331 13.3. Cases of severe degenerative osteoarthropathy at Taojiazhai 334 xii Tables Tables xiii 14.1. Samples utilized in this study 349 14.2. Percentages of carious teeth compared between Jomon and Yayoi samples 351 14.3. Sex-specific percentages of carious teeth during the Yayoi period 352 14.4. Distribution of enamel hypoplasia between Jomon and Yayoi samples 355 14.5. Percentage of antimeric tooth pairs expressing LEH defects on both teeth 355 14.6. Distribution of cribra orbitalia between Jomon and Yayoi samples 356 14.7. Distribution of periostitis between Jomon and Yayoi samples 358 15.1. Materials used in this study 371 15.2. Dental ages assigned to the early modern subadult skeletons of known chronological age 374 15.3. Mean diaphyseal lengths, ratio to adult length achieved, and sample size 378 15.4. Group differences in degree...