The Bioarchaeology of Individuals

List of Figures

vii Figures 2.1 Map of Ridge Ruin 13 2.2 Maps of the Magician’s burial 14 2.3 Hubert’s reconstruction of the Magician’s head 16 2.4 Drawings of a Sinagua man and artifacts from the Magician’s burial 18 2.5 Mosaic and wooden artifacts from the Magician’s burial 20 3.1 Map of the Hrísbrú site, Mosfell Valley, Iceland 28 3.2 Photograph of the Axed Man 29 3.3 Map of the Kirkjuhóll cemetery at Hrísbrú 29 3.4 The lower right canine tooth of the Axed Man showing hypoplastic lesions 33 3.5 The Axed Man’s left clavicle 33 3.6 The Axed Man’s cranium showing injuries made by a bladed weapon 35 3.7 Axes of the type likely responsible for the Axed Man’s cranial injuries 36 4.1 The Mariana Archipelago in the western Pacific Ocean 46 4.2 Reconstruction of face and head of Taotao Tagga’ 47 4.3 The last remaining uprights from the latte set foundation of the House of Taga on Tinian 48 4.4 Locations of occipital superstructures and associated muscle attachments and photo of superstructures on the cranium of a male from the Gogna-Gun Beach site, Guam 52 4.5 Taotao Tagga’’s posterior cranium 53 4.6 Taotao Tagga’’s humeri 57 4.7 Scatterplot of the additive superstructure score and index of humeral robusticity in Chamorros from Guam and Tinian 59 5.1 The location of Chau Hiix and other Colonial Maya sites 70 5.2 Burials 137 and 149, Chau Hiix 73 5.3 Shovel shaped incisors, Burial 149 75 5.4a–b Infection on legs of Burial 149 76 6.1a–b The location of El Yaral in the Southern Andes and the location of Burial 213 88 viii · Figures 6.2a–b Illustrations of Burial 213 in situ 90 6.3a–c Funeral offerings included with Burial 213 91 6.4a–b Photos and radiographs of the head from Burial 213 93 7.1 Map of Dakhleh Oasis and Egypt 98 7.2 Skeleton of the “Neolithic Nomad” in situ 102 7.3 George’s mandible showing the molar wear pattern 104 7.4 Spur on George’s calcaneus 105 7.5 The copper pin associated with George 107 8.1 The location of Tell Abraq 115 8.2 The Tell Abraq tomb fully excavated 116 8.3 A view of Lesley partially revealed 117 8.4 Lesley’s skeleton fully exposed 117 8.5 Lesley’s sacrum showing abnormal upward curvature 119 8.6 Perimortem destruction of the nasal conchae and septum 119 8.7 Lesley’s mandible 120 9.1 The Monte at Torre de Palma 128 9.2 Frontal view of skull 4769 v.2 131 9.3a Oblique view of 4769 v.2 134 9.3b Oblique view of an adult female cranium from Tomb 8 134 9.4 Scattergram of Giles and Elliott female discriminant function scores, with Torre de Palma females added 135 9.5 Scattergram of discriminant function scores for AQ and other Torre de Palma adult females 136 9.6 Occlusal view of maxilla 138 10.1 Location of grave with the basilica in the background 153 10.2 The skeleton of the seamstress in situ 153 10.3 Bone needle and small ground stone from the seamstress’s grave 154 10.4 Modifications to the seamstress’s dentition 155 10.5 Markers of occupational stress on the seamstress’s infracranial skeleton 158 11.1 Map of S3W1:33 Tlajinga 33 164 11.2 Map and profile of the Early Tlamimilolpa patio and temple complex 166 11.3 Photograph of the Early Tlamimilolpa patio and temple complex 166 11.4 Room 66 containing Burials 56 and 57 167 Figures · ix 11.5 Map of Burials 56 and 57 and Feature 18 169 11.6 Feature 18 stone Huehueteotl incense burner in situ and reconstructed 170 11.7 Burial 57 in situ 172 11.8 Burial 57 grave offerings 172 12.1 Excavation locales, Ban Chiang, northeast Thailand 179 12.2 BC Burial 23 plan view 183 12.3 Vulcan in situ 183 12.4 Vulcan with his bronze adze head, clay pellets, and bronze bangles 185 12.5 Lateral view of the left mandible 186 12.6 Active infection of the interior border of a lower left rib 186 12.7...