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Illustrations Maps 1.1. Global sirenian distribution 5 3.1. Florida manatee distribution 24 4.1. Antillean manatee distribution 37 5.1. Amazonian manatee distribution 47 6.1. West African manatee distribution 55 7.1. Southeast Asian dugong distribution 59 7.2. Dugong distribution in India, Sri Lanka, and the Andaman and Nicobar islands 73 8.1. Okinawan dugong sightings, feeding trails, and strandings since 1965 78 9.1. East African dugong distribution 85 10.1. Dugong habitat along the Arabian coasts 91 11.1. Australian dugong habitat range 99 Figures 1.1. Dugong feeding trail 8 2.1. Counter-current heat exchangers 13 6.1. Traditional manatee trap in the N’gni lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire 56 9.1. Dugong accidentally caught in a net, Kani-Be, south of Mayotte 88 10.1. Dugongs observed southeast of Bahrain, 1985–86 aerial survey 94 13.1. Manatee with peduncle tagging equipment 117 13.2. Amazonian manatee with peduncle tagging belt 118 13.3. Dugong secured alongside a catch boat for tagging 119 13.4. Comparison of locations determined via PTT and GPS tags, Florida 122 15.1. R. K. Bonde marking a Florida manatee 134 15.2. Freeze brand visible 13 years post-application 134 15.3. Florida manatee with scars from propeller blades 136 16.1. Health assessment of West Indian manatee, Puerto Rico 139 16.2. Health assessment sheet used in Florida 140 16.3. Physical examination form for captive manatees 140 16.4. Electrocardiogram monitor on West Indian manatee, Belize 141 16.5. Blood draw sampling site on West Indian manatee 145 16.6. Manatee blood draw using an extension set 145 17.1. Fatally injured manatee with propeller lesions, Florida 149 17.2. Injured manatee with propeller lesions on tail stock, Florida 150 17.3. Manatee rescued in severe state of cachexia, British Virgin Islands 152 17.4. A tanaid (Hexapleomera robusta) embedded in manatee’s skin, Belize 154 17.5. Necropsy showing dorsal recumbency position used for examination 155 19.1 Median neighbor joining network showing three-haplotype cluster pattern 172 19.2 Median neighbor joining network showing a single-cluster pattern 173 19.3. Karyotype of hybrid manatee, northern Brazilian coast 174 19.4. Hybrids between West Indian and Amazonian manatees, mouth of the Amazon 174 19.5. PCR products from known male and female dugongs 175 19.6. Minimum spanning tree showing relationships between haplotypes, Australian lineages 176 20.1. Side-scan sonar image of manatees in Mexico 181 20.2. Sighting map for boat-based surveys 183 21.1. Cessna 172 used for aerial surveys 187 21.2. Counting manatee groups 188 21.3. “Race track pattern” distributional surveys 190 21.4. Strip transect survey in Thailand 191 21.5. GIS allows overlays of information useful to managers 194 22.1. Veterinarians take samples from a manatee in the water, Yucatán 202 23.1. Manatee in rehabilitation, Itamaracá, Brazil 205 23.2. Rescue of West Indian manatee, Crystal River, Florida 209 23.3. Routine medical examination of manatee calf, Puerto Rico 210 23.4. Bottle-feeding orphans in Puerto Rico, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru 211 23.5. Recently released manatee with satellite transmitter, Puerto Rico 212 23.6. West Indian manatee rehabilitation facility, Itamaracá, Brazil 215 23.7. Amazonian manatee rehabilitation facility, Manaus, Brazil 216 28.1. Diagram showing idealized endangered species conservation process 246 28.2. Example of integrated framework for sirenian conservation planning 247 x Illustrations ...

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