Distilling the Influence of Alcohol: Aguardiente in Guatemalan History

Index

Index Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations Abac, Domingo, 140 Aboriginals, Australian: alcohol use among, 175–76 Afrecho (bran, aguardiente ingredient), 135 African American immigrants: alcohol drinkways of, 2, 116; in alcohol trade, 13–14; to Caribbean coast, 96–97, 102–3; economic opportunities for, 96–97, 109– 11, 113, 116; lowdown culture of, 102–5, 116, 161; from Protestant communities, 114; to Puerto Barrios, 111–14; social space for, 101; in sugar industry, 26; threats to Guatemalan whites, 96 African Americans, Southern: honky-tonks of, 99; immigration to Caribbean, 96–97, 102–3 African diaspora communities: of Honduras , 97; male, 102 Aguadulces (nonalcoholic beverage), 78 Aguardiente: anise-flavored, 76, 77; in community building, 1; corruption concerning , 29–30; criminalization of, 63; distribution of, x, 73; as medium of exchange, ix, 8; Nicaraguan, 45, 47, 52, 63; Peruvian, 74, 75, 89, 93n20; in railroad work camps, 105; replacement of fermented drinks, 20, 36, 37, 38, 167; role in Central American politics, 1, 10; Spanish, 89; from wild grapes, 94n39. See also Alcohol —, contraband, 22, 80, 88; in Central America , 74–76; from Chiapas, 8, 27; effect on Guatemalan economy, 122, 161; evasion of controls for, 129–35; in Guatemala, 27–32; on Guatemalan coast, 105–7. See also Contrabandistas; Smuggling, alcohol —, Guatemalan: adulteration of, 88, 90; among Maya, 17–38; capital accumulation through, 17; criminalization of, 32, 33, 49–50, 127; customary use of, 29–31, 32, 35, 144; legalization of, 48–56, 122, 147; petitions concerning , 30–31; prohibition from Mayas, 56, 78, 82; role in cultural identity, 1; role in nation-building, x–xi, 1, 2, 126–27; sale at cantinas, 145–47; state regulation of, 42; state revenue from, 7, 17, 20–21, 33, 35, 47, 52, 55, 105, 121; taxation of, xi; use in labor recruitment, xi, 7–8, 17, 22, 123; use on coffee plantations, 34; wild grape, 78. See also Alcohol, Guatemalan Aguardiente clandestino, Guatemalan, 9–10, 33, 48–56; among subaltern groups, 122; under Bourbon Reforms, 73; concealment of, 129, 130–33; confiscation of, 29–31, 132–33, 135–38; in domestic economy, 46–47, 162; equipment needed for, 155n88; under Estrada Cabrera, 148; in Guatemalan economy, 147; at juke joints, 105; ladina vendors of, 136; in Quezaltenango, 120–21, 138; in regional economies, 149; resources for making, 143; in San Juan Ostuncalco, 46, 52; of Santiago de los Caballeros, 85–86; state ambivalence concerning, 149; under Ubico, 148; vendors of, 32, 48, 136, 160; women’s involvement with, 44, 132–33, 136–39. See also Alcohol, illegal; Clandestinistas; Contrabandistas; Stills, aguardiente Aguardiente consumption, x; domestic, 3; in nineteenth century, 17–38; political relations concerning, 17 —, Maya: interpretations of, 29, 176–77; in public life, 163; by Q’anjob’alan Maya, 17–38, 162; in rituals, 17, 20, 31, 33, 164–66, 167 202 · Index Aguardiente production: by Q’anjob’alan Maya, 27; relationship with sugar industry , 48, 65n22, 65n25; women’s role in, 4–5, 45, 132–33, 139–40. See also Alcohol production Akyeampong, Emmanuel, 62, 65n19, 66n26, 68n49 Alcohol: Bourbon Reforms concerning, 71, 72, 73; in Catholic culture, 171, 172; in Central American economy, 1; as ceremonial gift, 5; in commodity chains, 2, 160; and economies of meaning, 162–64; as historical protagonist, 14; historiographical conversations concerning, 1–2, 18–19, 159; Maya rhetoric on, 121; pathological study of, 157, 162, 174–75; postcolonial use of, 175–76; pro-indigenista discourse of, 158; ritual use of, 17, 20, 31, 33, 164–66, 167; role in gender relations, 5; role in identity, 82, 160; role in nation-building, 2–3, 36; role of colonialism in, 12, 157, 175–77; sociocultural practices concerning , 19, 38, 39n7, 157, 166; subversion of Spanish institutions, 158; as tool of domination, 19; in trope of indigenous inferiority, 163–64. See also Aguardiente; Chichi —, fermented, 3–4; Maya, 22–24; prehispanic , 19–20, 35, 36; replacement by aguardiente, 20, 36, 37, 38, 167. See also Chicha —, Guatemalan: in Caribbean coast, 13, 96–116; as control mechanism, 159; in control of labor force, xi, 7–8, 9, 17, 22, 161, 170–71, 176; Crown administration of, 72, 73–74, 79–80, 82, 85–88, 91, 93n26; cultural role of, 5, 10, 18, 35, 157; household expenditures on, 167–68, 171; imported, 12, 89, 92; legal disputes concerning , 25; literary references to, 157; as local currency, 8; moral judgments concerning , 159; price fixing in, 72; revenue from, 7, 17, 20–21, 33, 35, 38, 44–56, 105, 121...