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age estimation, 69–75, 128–41, 144; and body mass formulas, 86, 101–2; children, 72–74; infants, 70, 72–74; long bone lengths, 70–72; methods, 24; perinates, 70–72, 73. See also Daimabad; Inamgaon; Nevasa agriculture, 1, 3, 4, 118; and human health in general, 10–12, 14, 22–23, 91; and monsoon, 28; and sedentism, 55; at Daimabad, 46–47, 59 (see also Daimabad); at Inamgaon, 48–51, 55, 60, 100, 109–11, 122 (see also Inamgaon ); at Nevasa, 42, 59 (see also Nevasa); Black Cotton Soil, 28; in India today, 27–28, 38, 144; in the Deccan Chalcolithic, 7–9, 12–17, 19–22, 36, 38, 96–97, 100–111, 114–17, 119, 122–23; populations, xiii, 15, 100, 109; subsistence , 10–11, 14–15, 100, 116 artifacts, 6, 41, 62, 50, 57, 143; beads, 43–44, 47–48, 57–58, 116, 127; bone, 56, 57, 58, 60; bronze, 4, 44; ceramics (and pottery), 4, 5, 10, 33, 38, 41, 44, 47, 50, 60, 116, 117, 127, 144–45; copper, 3–5, 38, 43–44, 50, 57–58, 60, 116–17, 127; decorated pot sherds, 41; groundstone, 116–17, 127; shell, 56–58; stone tools, 39, 41, 57, 60; terracotta figurines, 56, 60; tool production, raw materials, 23, 144 Index barley, 7, 14, 19, 20, 28, 36, 38, 50–51, 55, 59–60, 96, 116, 119. See also agriculture; floral remains; subsistence transition biocultural stress, 10, 12, 13, 15–16, 17–18, 19, 20–24, 36, 60, 80–81, 82, 88, 89–91, 93–100, 109–11, 112, 119–23 biodemography model, 18–22, 23, 78–81, 82, 97, 114–23 Black Cotton Soil. See agriculture body mass, 20, 21, 23, 24, 82–85, 88, 89, 90–94, 99, 101, 103, 121; formulas 86–88; body mass index, 21, 24, 86–88, 92–96, 100, 103, 107, 109–11, 121–22; population differences, 92–94, 103–10, 111–12 burial, 4, 5, 19, 23, 42–44, 47–48, 58, 63, 80, 116, 117, 125–27, 143–44. See also Daimabad; Early Jorwe; Inamgaon; Late Jorwe; Nevasa caries, 11, 13–17 climate, 6, 23, 24, 25, 28–35, 56, 143; change, xv, 9–12, 18–19, 21, 24, 28–35, 53–54, 59, 96, 111, 114–19, 122; paleoclimate , xiv, 18–19, 21, 23–24, 29–35, 36–37, 38, 53, 96, 111, 114–19. See also climate-culture change model climate-culture change model, 6–12, 19–22, 34–37, 48–53, 96, 99, 111, 114–19, 122–23. See also climate 178 · Index cow (cattle, or Bos indicus), 8, 42, 46, 48, 51–52, 55–56, 60, 116–17; dung, 41. See also Early Jorwe; faunal remains; subsistence transition Daimabad, 4, 6, 7–8, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20–21, 38, 89, 97, 143, 144, 145; abandonment, 59–60, 119–21, 122; age estimation, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75; archaeology , 44–48; artifacts, 41, 44, 46; burials, 43, 47–48, 63, 125–27; evidence of climate, 32; date of occupation, 44; excavation season dates, 44; faunal remains, 42; floral remains, 46; long bone growth, 13–14, 100–110; map, 3, 45; paleodemography, 74–80, 98–99, 120–21; settlement size, 47, 59–60, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 116; subsistence, 42, 46, 48. See also agriculture; climate; Deccan Chalcolithic; demography; Early Jorwe; Late Jorwe; long bone length Deccan Chalcolithic, 2–4, 6, 23, 28, 37, 38, 44, 48, 53, 57, 63, 82, 89, 111, 112, 114, 116–23; dates, 3, 5; map, 2, 3; origins, 4–6; skeletal populations, 12–13, 43, 62, 69, 72, 74, 76, 77, 79, 88, 91, 92, 96, 97, 100, 102, 105–7, 110, 111; sites, 6, 9–10, 41; subsistence, 57. See also biodemography model; body mass; climate; climate-culture change model; Daimabad; demography; Early Jorwe; Inamgaon; Late Jorwe; Nevasa; subsistence transition demography, 12, 13, 17–18, 20–21, 39, 61–64, 69, 97–98, 110, 122, 143, 145; fertility, xiii, 14, 17–18, 20–22, 37, 55, 61–65, 66, 67, 69, 72–73, 75–78, 79–80, 97–99, 110, 119–22, 143; mortality, xiii, 12, 17–18, 20–22, 37, 60, 61–62, 64, 75, 77, 79, 80, 97, 98–99, 100, 110, 119–22, 143; paleodemography, 18, 23, 61–64, 69, 70, 74, 78, 119, 143. See also age estimation; biodemography model; Daimabad; Deccan Chalcolithic; Inamgaon; Nevasa dental defects. See enamel defects; LHPC dental development, 12, 15–16, 17, 70, 72, 74...

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