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225 Notes Introduction 1. Nash and Taggart, Mississippi Politics, 85; Lee, For Freedom’s Sake, 177–78; Mills, This Little Light of Mine, 308. 2. Nash and Taggart, Mississippi Politics, 85, 146; Bass and DeVries, The Transformation of Southern Politics, 213; Lee, For Freedom’s Sake, 176. 3. Bayard Rustin quoted in Hall, “The Long Civil Rights Movement and the Political Uses of the Past,” 1234. 4. Hall, “The Long Civil Rights Movement and the Political Uses of the Past,” 1233–63. 5. Minchin, “Making Best Use of the New Laws: The NAACP and the Fight for Civil Rights in the South, 1965–1975,” 669–702. 6. Crespino, In Search of Another Country, 4. 7. Lassiter, The Silent Majority; Kruse, White Flight. 8. Marable, Race, Reform, and Rebellion, 146–47. 9. Lawson, In Pursuit of Power, xii; Andrews, Freedom is a Constant Struggle, 9–10; Shelia Byrd, “Mississippi Looks to Iran for Rural Health Care Model,” http://news. yahoo.com/s/ap/20100602/ap_on_re_us/us_mississippi_s_iranian_model (accessed 6 June 2010). 10. Black and Black, The Rise of Southern Republicans; Lassiter, The Silent Majority; Schafer and Johnston, The End of Southern Exceptionalism; Kruse, White Flight; Nash and Taggart, Mississippi Politics, 7; Sokol, There Goes My Everything, 274–75. 11. Woodward, Thinking Back, 140. 12. Marsh, God’s Long Summer, 4. 13. Andrews, Freedom is a Constant Struggle. 14. Parker, Black Votes Count. 15. Crosby, A Little Taste of Freedom: The Black Freedom Struggle in Claiborne County, Mississippi; Moye, Let the People Decide. Chapter 1. Black Politics in Mississippi to 1965 1. McMillen, Dark Journey, 37. 2. Foner, Reconstruction, 352–56, 362. For an overview of black officeholding during Reconstruction and the subsequent decline of black political participation after 1875, see chapters 12–14 of Wharton, The Negro in Mississippi. 3. McMillen, Dark Journey, 38; Foner, Reconstruction, 558–62. The best and most exhaustive overview of Reconstruction in Mississippi is Harris, Day of the Carpetbagger. Harris focuses on the overall political picture of Reconstruction on blacks and whites; see Wharton, The Negro in Mississippi for a study emphasizing the black experience in Reconstruction Mississippi. 4. McMillen, Dark Journey, 39–43, 46–51, 58–64. 5. Ibid., 60–61, 64; Key, Southern Politics in State and Nation, 233; Fortenberry and Abney, “Mississippi: Unreconstructed and Unredeemed,” in Havard, ed., The Changing Politics of the South; Dyer, Theodore Roosevelt and the Idea of Race, 102–3; Love, “A Community in Transition: A Study of Mound Bayou, Mississippi,” 14. Roosevelt sought to steer a middle course in his federal appointments in the South by making a limited number of black appointments while reassuring southern whites with a far greater share of federal patronage. Dyer, 102–3. For a survey of white and black southerners ’ reactions to Roosevelt’s southern policies, see Woodward, The Origins of the New South, 463–67. 6. Bass and DeVries, The Transformation of Southern Politics, 193. For a more detailed study of the Vardaman and Bilbo administrations, see Key, Southern Politics in State and Nation, Ch. 11. The main biography of Vardaman is Holmes, The White Chief. Morgan, Redneck Liberal provides a balanced study of Bilbo’s economic liberalism and his white supremacist views, much like Holmes does for Vardaman. A study that focuses on Bilbo’s racial demagoguery is Giroux, “Theodore G. Bilbo: Progressive to Public Racist.” For studies of the oratory of Vardaman and Bilbo, see chapters by Strickland and Hendrix in Logue and Dorgan, The Oratory of Southern Demagogues. 7. Cobb, The Most Southern Place on Earth, 196. For a study of the Farm Security Administration and congressional opposition to it, see Conkin, Tomorrow a New World, 220–231. The main study of the FSA is Baldwin, Poverty and Politics. See also chapter four of Alston, Southern Paternalism and the American Welfare State for a study of the FSA and its threat to the South’s economic status quo. 8. Dittmer, Local People, 25–29. Sitikoff, “African American Militancy in the World War II South,” and McMillen, “Fighting For What We Didn’t Have,” in McMillen, ed., Remaking Dixie. Sitikoff argues that World War II was not a watershed event in American race relations since black Americans and the Left muted dissent and criticism of Jim Crow during the war. The direct action of the 1950s and 1960s civil rights movement , he says, was not an extension of the moderate reform efforts that civil rights organizations pushed during the war. Neil McMillen agrees with Sitikoff on the lack of wartime...

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