Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, and the Antiquities Trade

Illustrations

Illustrations Figures Intro.1. U.S. art museums with archaeological material originating outside the United States 11 5.1. Okvik-style ivory figurines 102 5.2. The market for St. Lawrence Island archaeological materials 106 5.3. The market pyramid of low-end to high-end products 107 5.4. Digging spot in Alaska 108 5.5. Doll made by Beulah Oitillian of Gambell 111 5.6. Old Bering Sea–style harpoon head made in Bali from old ivory 112 5.7. Artifacts for sale in a Skagway shop 113 5.8. Old Bering Sea–style harpoon counterweight or “winged object” 114 5.9. Marie Ninglalook and Wes Komonaseak excavating on the Kurigitavik Mound in Wales, Alaska 126 7.1. Travesía core area 153 7.2. Ulúa marble vase 154 7.3. Drawing of Ulúa marble vase 155 7.4. Percentage of pillaged sites in the valley 156 7.5. Looted Travesía 157 7.6. Sequence of looting at Calabazas: mounds in plaza group 158 7.7. Sequence of looting at Calabazas: looting of mounds 158 7.8. Sequence of looting at Calabazas: final stages of site leveling 159 8.1. The Hacılı A (or “Tombaktepe”) tumulus in central Lydia 177 8.2. ThepartiallydestroyedtombchamberoftheÇaldaǧM(or“Musacalıtepe”) tumulus 178 8.3. Looters’ tunnels and equipment in the Menye A tumulus 180 9.1. Market flow of the trade in illegal antiquities 189 9.2. Pathway of a coin from Hebron to New York City 195 10.1. Number of cylinder seals offered for sale annually in London at Sotheby’s (1980–96) and Bonhams (1999–2004) 216 10.2. Number of cylinder seals offered for sale annually in London at Christie’s (1981–2004) 216 10.3. Combined number of unprovenanced cylinder seals offered in London at Christie’s and Bonhams, spring and fall sales 217 16.1. Mesopotamian antiquities offered for sale in 1990s catalogues 292 16.2. Looted Sumerian city site of Umma (Tell Jokha) 297 Tables Intro.1. Returns of Stolen or Illegally Exported Archaeological Artifacts by U.S. Art Museums 13 2.1. Bills Leading up to the Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act 38 2.2. Overview of the Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act 39 Maps 5.1. The Bering Strait region 99 7.1. The Ulúa Valley in greater Mesoamerica 148 7.2. Lower Ulúa Valley sites discussed in the text 150 8.1. Approximate limits of Lydia 174 8.2. Lydia tumulus groups, Lydian and Persian period sites 179 viii / Illustrations ...