Democracy Disrupted: The Politics of Global Protest

Notes

N o t e s Introduction 1. Alexis Tocqueville, Recollections: The French Revolution of 1848 (Edison, New Jersey: Transaction, 1989), 30. 2. John B. Halstead, ed., Contemporary Writings of the Coup d’ État of Louis Napoleon (New York: Doubleday, 1972). 3. Paul Mason, Why It’s Kicking Off Everywhere: The New Global Revolutions (London: Verso, 2012), 45. 4. David Hume, Essays: Moral, Political and Literary (New York: Cosimo, 2006), 29. 5. Eric Schmidt and Jared Cohen, The New Digital Age: Reshaping the Future of People, Nations and Business (New York: Knopf, 2013). Chapter 1: Protest Against Politics 1. Alain Badiou, The Rebirth of History: Times of Riots and Uprisings , trans. Gregory Elliott (New York: Verso, 2012). 2. The Economist Intelligence Unit, “Rebels without a Cause: What the Upsurge in Protest Movements Means for Global Politics,” Economist. https://​ www​.eiu​.com/​ public/​ topical​ _report​.aspx?campaign id​=ProtestUpsurge. 3. The Economist Intelligence Unit, “Rebels without a Cause: What theUpsurgeinProtestMovementsMeansforGlobalPolitics,”Economist. https://​www​.eiu​.com/​public/​topical​_report​.aspx?campaignid​ =ProtestUpsurge. 82 Notes 4. Erica Chenoweth and Maria J. Stephan, Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict (New York: Columbia University Press, August 2011). 5. Manuel Castells, Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age (Cambridge: Polity, 2012). 6. Paul Mason, Why It’s Kicking Off Everywhere: The New Global Revolutions (London: Verso, 2012), 3. 7. Fredric Jameson, “Future City,” New Left Review 21 (2003): 76. 8. George A. Akerlof and Rachel E. Kranton, Identity Economics: How Our Identities Shape Our Work, Wages and Well-­ Being (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010). 9. Mason, Why It’s Kicking Off Everywhere, 2. 10. Pierre-­Joseph Proudhon, General Idea of the Revolution in the Nineteenth Century (New York: Cosimo, 2007). 11. Albert Hirschman, Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970). 12. Marcus Tullius Cicero, “Against Catiline,” in The Orations of Marcus Tullius Cicero, trans. C. D. Yonge (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1856). 13. Daniel Smilov and Lea Vajsova, eds., #The Protest: Analyses and Positions in the Bulgarian Press–­ Summer 2013 [#Протестът. Анализи и позиции в българската преса–­ лято 2013] (Sofia: Iztok-­ Zapad Publishing House, 2013). 14. Venelin Ganev, “The Legacies of 1989: Bulgaria’s Year of Civic Anger,” Journal of Democracy, 25 (1, 2014), 33–­ 45. 15. Ho-­fung Hung, Protest with Chinese Characteristics: Demonstrations , Riots, and Petitions in the Mid-­ Qing Dynasty (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011). Chapter 2: The Democracy of Rejection 1. I owe this insight to the book of David Runciman, The Confidence Trap: A History of Democracy in Crisis from World War I to the Present (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013). 2. Runciman, The Confidence Trap, 23. 83 Notes 3. Moises Naim, The End of Power: From Boardrooms to Battlefields and Churches to States, Why Being in Charge Isn’t What It Used to Be (New York: Basic Books, 2013). 4. Pierre Rosanvallon, Counter Democracy: Politics in an Age of Distrust (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 176. 5. I am grateful to Professor Stephen Holmes for this insight. 6. Russell Brand, “On Revolution,” New Statesman, October 24, 2013. 7. Alpha Research, “Public Opinion in Bulgaria, December 2013” [“Обществени нагласи в България. Декември 2013”], http://​ alpharesearch​.bg/​userfiles/​file/​1213​_Public​_Opinion​_Alpha%20 Research(1)​.pdf. 8. Alexei Slapovsky, March on the Kremlin [Поход на Кремль. Поема бунта] (Moscow: ACT, 2010). Available at http://​ www​.litres​.ru/​ aleksey-slapovskiy/​ pohod​-na​-kreml. 9. Julia Ioffe, “The Loneliness of Vladimir Putin,” New Republic, February 2, 2014. http://​ www​.newrepublic​.com/​ article/​ 116421/​ vladimir​ -putins​-russia​-has​-crushed​-dissent​-stillfalling​-apart. 10. According to the pollsters at the Levada Center, 62 percent of the demonstrators on Sakharov Square had a university education. Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan, Putin’s Children: Flying the Nest, oDR, 13 December 2011. http://​ www​.opendemocracy​.net/​ od​-russia/​ andrei​ -soldatov​-irina​-borogan/​ putin%E2%80%99s​-children​-fly​-nest. 11. Julia Ioffe, “The Potemkin Duma,” Foreign Policy, October 22, 2009. 12. Sergei Kovalev, “Why Putin Wins,” The New York Review of Books, November 22, 2007. 13. Soli Özel, “A Moment of Elation: The Gezi Protests/Resistance and the Fading of the AKP Project,” in The Making of a Protest Movement in Turkey #occupygezi, ed. Umut Ozkirimli (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2014, forthcoming). 14. Rosanvallon, Counter-­Democracy, 65. 84 Notes Chapter 3: Exit Politics 1. Albert O. Hirschman, Propensity to Self-­ subversion (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995), 25. 2. Personal talk with protesters on the streets in Sofia. 3...