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I n d e x Abelmann, Nancy, 63, 219n1 accents, as symbol of racial hierarchy, 41, 46, 70, 106, 114–115, 133, 169; and Evo Morales, 90, 96–97. See also Quechua language; Spanish language Afro-Bolivians, 54 Agrarian Reform (1953), 12, 60, 79, 90, 122, 133, 187, 195, 207, 225n9, 229n5, 229n9; period following, 188, 196, 229, 230n9; commemoration of, 204 Agrarian Revolution, 229n9 Aguilera, Kiko, 22 Albó, Xavier, 189, 221n12 Albro, Robert, 2, 40, 51, 189, 221n12, 224n4, 226n11 Alejandro (David’s son by a previous relationship ), 59 Aljovin de Losada, Cristóbal, 14 altanera (snob), 46, 48, 58 Álvaro (of Sacaba), 52, 102–103, 150–152, 212 Amanda, 5–10, 35, 39, 41, 44–46, 50–61, 68, 70, 73–98, 100, 121, 195, 197, 200–201, 211, 212, 218n7 ambiguity: of racial and class identification, 1, 4, 13, 31, 33, 37, 106–116, 134, 157, 176, 181; of motives in politics, 135, 141, 146, 162 Amelia, 103–104 Angulo, Oscar, 138–139, 150–151, 177–180 anxiety: of middle classes, 5, 23–25, 30–33, 35–48, 117, 152, 212; regarding shifts in Bolivia’s social hierarchies, 156, 160 Apaza: last name as a marker of Indian origins, 60; Julián and Gregoria, 220 aprovechar (to take advantage of): earned income, 68; development funding, 194 Arias, Ivan, 113, 125, 128, 183, 187, 188, 222, 224, 229 authoritarian practices: critiques of MAS leaders for, 130–131; and critiques of sindicatos, 123; and critiques of clientelism , 126, 128, 130, 141, 174, 225n6 Auyero, Javier, 126 ayllu, 83, 128, 129, 233 Aymara: 233; as identified in surname, 60, 83, 84, 89, 91, 115; in accent, 90, 96; rivalry with Quechua speakers, 223 Bald César, 53, 67–69, 71, 72, 185, 198 Banzer, Hugo, 144 Barrientos, René, 30, 31, 124, 135, 148, 188, 230 Bartolinas Federation (Confederación Nacional de Mujeres Campesinas Indı́genas Originarias de Bolivia ‘‘Bartolina Sisa’’), 142–143, 156–165, 180, 233 bases (grassroots, rank and file), 129, 130, 136, 138, 178. See also democracy betrayal (traición): concerns about, 111, 120, 155–181, 209 Bledstein, Burton J., and Robert Johnston, 26 Botelho Gosálvez, Raúl, 189 Bourdieu, Pierre, 23, 24, 52 Buen vivir/sumaq qamaña, 83, 110 busca pega (patronage job seeker), 78, 92, 173, 193, 203, 211, 218n5, 233. See also clientelism Bush, George W., 76, 90, 222 Cahn, Peter, 26, 151, 218 campesino (peasant), as social category: claimed by Evo Morales and MAS leaders, 250 Index campesino (peasant) (continued) 2, 75–77, 79–81, 90, 130–135, 151, 157–163, 222n6; historical formation of as a class, 29–31; as identification claimed by individual Sacabans, 58–61, 104–109, 122, 141, 175, 179; as relational category in alternation with elite identification, 12–13, 36, 38–50, 58–61, 109–116; as intertwined with race, 26–27, 53–56, 95; as foil for middle-class identification, 2, 5, 20–27, 34–52, 82–86, 88–90, 99, 101–104; and agrarian organizing, 80, 92, 97, 117, 139, 144, 224n3, 229n5, 229–230n9, 233; and concepts of community, 16, 182–208; concerns about authenticity of, 104, 112–116, 122; and chola category, 226n12. See also class; race; subaltern Carlos, 142–147, 154, 182–186, 190–193, 201–205, 210, 226n18 Carter, William and Xavier Albó, 189 Celia, 35, 51, 89, 90, 97, 152 Chapare: migration to, 4–12, 37, 65, 136, 185, 194–195, 197, 217n4; as base for coca growers’ union, 17–18; proximity to Sacaba, 32; and Drug War, 38, 221n14; as political base of Evo Morales, 76, 83, 116, 174; as basis for dreams of middle-class upward mobility, 70–71, 86, 199; as category of social identification, 92, 49, 70–71 Chavo, 56–58, 212, 220n9 chicha (corn beer), 6, 9, 29, 37, 39, 40, 45, 58, 99, 168, 199, 233; status of tavern-keepers, 59, 67; as political gift in exchange for votes, 101, 124, 161 chola (woman who wears a pollera skirt), 233, 226n12; historical formation of chola social category, 29–31, 233; positive selfidenti fication as, 34, 49; and MAS, 104, 106, 108, 131; relationship to middle-class identification, 36, 169; social hierarchy and, 40–44, 54, 74, 88, 104, 108, 220n2; as symbol of public selfhood, 127; as emblematic of wealth, 59, 65, 226n12. See also class; race cholita, as polite term for chola: 220n3, 226n12 Choque Espinoza, Cristina, 114–116 Choro colony, 199 Choro: description of...

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